| A | B |
|---|
| mutation | any change in an organism’s genetic material |
| lethal mutation | mutations that cause death; often this happens before birth |
| gene mutation | a change in the sequence of bases in the segment of DNA |
| somatic mutation | mutations that occur in body cells – cells that are not involved in reproduction |
| chromosomal change | a change that involves the number of chromosomes or the number or location of the genes |
| diploid | having two complete sets of genes |
| selective breeding | choosing organisms with the desired traits and breeding them hoping that the offspring have the same trait |
| inbreeding | producing offspring either by self-pollination or crossing with a close relative |
| breed | a group of organisms with the desired traits produce offspring with the desired traits |
| crossbreeding | hybridization; another way to produce offspring with desirable traits: parents from different varieties are crossed to produce offspring with desirable traits of both parents |
| genetic engineering | using special techniques to control the genetic makeup of an organism |
