| A | B |
|---|
| Age of Enlightenment | Between 17th-18th centuries where individuals used reason to challenge ideas and propose reforms. |
| Monarchy | 1 ruler with absolute poer, part of a royal family, rule is hereditary |
| Natural law | all people are born into nature understanding what is right and what is wrong |
| Natural Rights | the rights that everyone deserves; everyone has certain universal rights and freedoms as long as we do not violate natural laws. Life, liberty, and property |
| Thomas Hobbes | Author of Leviathan: people were naturally cruel and selfish. if not controlled they would fight and oppress each other. Believed in Absolute Monarchy to control people who consent to a social contract |
| John Locke | Author: Two Treaties of Government: people formed governments to protect natural rights. Wanted a government with limited power accepted by all. Gov has obligation to people, if they fail people have right to overthrow gov. Ideas led to American Revolution |
| Philosophes | French for philosophers. Thinkers who believe scientific method can be used to understand society. Reason can lead to reforms |
| Montesquieu | Author: The Spirit of the Laws. Idea of separation of power. To much power in one place is dangerous. 3 branches of US gov. Federalism |
| Federalism | division of power between the levels of government. Different from 3 branches of government |
| Voltaire | "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it" Led to principle of freedom of speec |
| Denis Diderot | Published The Encyclopedia: 28 volumes to start eventually 35. Helped create free access of information. |
