| A | B |
|---|
| monatomic ion | A single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons. |
| polyatomic ion | A tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and has a positive or negative charge. |
| binary compound | A compound composed of only two elements. |
| acid | A compound that produces hydrogen ions in solution. |
| base | A compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution. |
| prefix | A word part that is added to the beginning of a root word. |
| suffix | A word part that is added to the ending of a root word. |
| ionic bond | The electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together. |
| covalent bond | A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. |
| molecule | A neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds. |
| structural formula | A chemical formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule or a polyatomic ion; each dash between a pair of atoms indicates a pair of shared electrons. |
| unshared pair | A pair of valence electrons that is not shared between atoms. |
| bond dissociation energy | The energy required to break the bond between two covalently bonded atoms; this value is usually expressed in kJ per mol of substance. |
| molecular orbital | An orbital that applies to the entire molecule. |
| sigma bond | A bond formed when two atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital that is symmetrical around the axis connecting the two atomic nuclei. |
| pi bond | A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are most likely to be found in sausage-shaped regions above and below the bond axis of the bonded atoms. |
| VSEPR theory | States that because electron pairs repel, molecules adjust their shapes so that valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible. |
| polar molecule | A molecule in which one side of the molecule is slightly negative and the opposite side is slightly positive. |
| non-polar molecule | A molecule that does not have oppositely charged ends due the equal sharing of electrons. |
| diatomic molecule | A molecule consisting of two atoms. |
| hydrogen bond | Attractive forces in which a hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom is also weakly bonded to an unshared electron pair of another electronegative atom. |
| dipole | A molecule that has two poles, or regions with opposite charges. |
