| A | B |
|---|
| ethnocentrism | thinking your own race or culture is the best |
| assimilate | to become like others in a group |
| nativism | a fear of foreigners |
| Ku Klux Klan | a nativist group |
| Congress | they are responsible for passing the laws about immigration |
| quota | a limit on something, such as a limit on how many immigrants can enter |
| political machines | Usually run by the Democratic Party, these often helped immigrants in exchange for their votes |
| tenements | cheaply built apartment buildings that often housed immigrants in the big cities |
| sweatshop | when someone rented some tenement rooms and had immigrants work there for low wages |
| Old Immigrants | came before 1890 |
| New Immigrants | came after 1890 |
| 1890 to 1920 | period of the heaviest immigration to the U.S. |
| Know-Nothing Party | anti-immigrant party formed in the 1850s |
| Irish | came to America in the 1840s and 1850s due to the potato famine |
| Western and Northern Europe | where many of the Old Immigrants came from |
| pluralism | the idea that the U.S. is made up of many people and cultures |
| Indian Removal Act of 1830 | gave the President the power to move the Indians from the southeastern U.S. to what is today Oklahoma |
| Trail of Tears | the forced journey of the Cherokee and other tribes to the west |
| Dawes Act of 1887 | this law tried to civilize Indians by giving them land to farm and offering them citizenship |
| Homestead Act of 1862 | This law did much to populate the Plains by giving settlers free land if they worked it for 5 years |
| Frederick Jackson Turner | historian who argued the frontier had done much to develop America |
| overproduction | this was the chief reason why farmers had so little income in the late 1800s |
| Cattle Kingdom | had its start in Texas with wild longhorn steers |
| Populist Movement | this attempted to address the problems of the farmers in the late 1800s |
| bimetallism | the Populist idea of using silver and gold to back our money and create inflation |
| William Jennings Bryan | Populist and Democratic candidate for president in 1896; supported bimetallism |
| Cross of Gold | A famous speech by William Jennings Bryan was called the _____ speech. |
| Helen Hunt Jackson | wrote the book, A Century of Dishonor, about how poorly the Native Americans had been treated |
| Wounded Knee | this was the site of the last battle between federal troops and Native Americans in 1890 |
| Col. George Custer | defeated and killed by Indians with all of his men at Little Big Horn in 1876 |
| California | where the first big gold rush happened in the U.S. in 1849 |
| Scandinavians | this group of people came over from northern Europe in the 1880s and many started dairy farms |
| Chinese | these immigrants came in large numbers from 1850 to the 1880s; they helped build the transcontinental railroad |
| Asia and the Caribbean | areas that send us many immigrants today |
| literacy test | In 1917, Congress passed this requirement for immigrants |
| Catholic | the Irish and many of the New Immigrants had this religion |
| drought | this helped to destroy the cattle kingdom in the 1880s |
| Joseph Glidden | invented barbed wire |
| land ownership | the major point of disagreement between whites and Native Americans |
| cities | in the late 1800s, a trend was that people were moving from the farms to the ___. |
| Grange | this was a social organization formed to support the farmers |
| Melting Pot theory | this suggested that all the immigrants to America blended together to form one American culture |
| Eastern and Southern Europe | most of the New Immigrants were from this area |
| frontier | according to Frederick Jackson Turner, this was gone by 1890 |
| it spread new ideas to the major parties | This was an important function of the third party known as the Populist Party |
| to find jobs | the main reason immigrants come to America |
| the Gentlemen's Agreement | this attempted to limit the number of immigrants coming from Japan in 1907 |
| Jews | they came here from Poland and Russia after 1890 to get religious freedom |
| reservations | where most Native Americans are found today |
| open range | practice used by early cattlemen of sharing grazing and watering areas |
| Tammany Hall | corrupt political machine in New York City that helped immigrants |
| buffalo | the Plains Indians depended in this for their livelihood |
| ranches | after the end of the open range, cattlemen began raising their cattle on ____. |
