| A | B |
|---|
| multiple alleles | Three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait. |
| sex chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is male or female. |
| sex-linked gene | a gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome. |
| carrier | A person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait. |
| genetic disorder | An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes. |
| pedigree | A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait. |
| karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs. |
| selective breeding | The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation. |
| inbreeding | A selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed. |
| hybridization | A selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed. |
| clone | An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced. |
| genetic engineering | The transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits. |
| gene therapy | The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder. |
| genome | All of the DNA in one cell of an organism. |
| polygenetic traits | a trait controlled by multiple genes acting together |
| 46 | number of human body chromosomes |
| xy | the two sex chromosomes carried by males |
| xx | the two sex chromosomes carried by females |
| 23 | the pair of sex chromosomes |
| amniocentesis | a test used to diagnose genetic disorders before a baby is born |
| selective breeding | the breeding of organisms with desired traits |
| cloning | technique used to produce an organism genetically identical to the from which it was produced was |
| DNA fingerprinting | extracting DNA and using it to produce an image of DNA sequences unique to each individual |
| Human Genome Project | identify the DNA sequences of every gene on every chromosome in human cells |
| height, eye color, hair color | traits produced by multiple genes acting together |
| blood groups are determined by | multiple alleles of a single gene |
| hemophilia | a genetic disorder where a person's blood clots very slowly if at all |
| sickle-cell disease | a genetic disorder that affects production of hemoglobin and red blood cells |
| Down syndrome | people with an extra copy of chromosome 21 |
| cystic fibrosis | a genetic disorder where the body produces abnormally thick mucus |
| sex linked recessive traits | more common in MALES |
