| A | B |
|---|
| What geographical features protected Rome and the Italian peninsula? | Mediterranean Sea; Alps |
| Who were the major gods and goddesses in Roman mythology? | Jupiter-sky;Juno-childbirth, marriage; Apollo- music;Diana-hunt; Minerva-wisdom; Venus-love |
| What was the early form of Roman government? | Republic |
| Who were the Patricians? | citizens; powerful nobility (the few) |
| Who were the Plebeians? | citizens; majority of the population |
| Patricians and plebeians were given citizenship in excahnge for what? | military service and paying taxes |
| What were the twelve tables? | codified Roman Law |
| What city in North Africa came into conflict with Rome over the control of trade? | Carthage (they fought in the Punic Wars) |
| Who was Hannibal? | Carthaginian general who invaded Italian peninsula by crossing Alps, eventually defeated in 2nd Punic War |
| Who won the Punic Wars? | Rome; Carthage was destroyed |
| What four things caused the decline of the Roman Republic? | 1. spread slavery in agricultural system 2. migration of farmers into cities, unemployment 3. civil wars 4. inflation |
| Who was Julius Ceasar? | seized power, formed first triumvirate, assassinated; Romes Republic is headed to its end) |
| Who was Augustus Caesar? | defeated Mac Antony, 1st Roman Emperor, unified and enlarged empire, est. civil service, rule by law, common coinage |
| What was the Pax Romana? | 200 year period of peace and prosperity, also marked expansion of the empire |
| What was the economic impact of the Pax Romana? | 1. uniform system of money-important for trade 2. safe travel on roads 3. prosperity and stability |
| What was the political impact of the Pax Romana? | 1. created a civil service 2. developed a uniform rule of law |
| What was the social impact of the Pax Romana? | 1. stability returned to social classes 2. increased emphasis on the family |
| Who began the teachings that eventually evolved into Christianity? | Jesus of Nazareth (he was eventually viewed as the messiah) |
| What are the major beliefs of Christianity? | monotheistic (1 god); Jesus; life after death; New Testament tells life and teachings of Jesus |
| Who adopted and legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire? | Constantine |
| What was the Pantheon? | architectural structure dedicated to Roman gods and goddesses, rotunda |
| What was the Colesseum? | architectural structure for games, events, gladiator contests |
| What was the Forum? | place where 12 tables were located, political center of Rome |
| Who was Ptolemy? | scientist who believed Earth was the center of the universe |
