| A | B |
|---|
| Spotlight Effect | The belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance and behavior than they actually are |
| Illusion of Transparency | The illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others |
| Self-Concept | What we know and believe about ourselves |
| Self-Schema | Beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information |
| Possible Selves | Images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future |
| Social Comparison | Evaluating one’s abilities and opinions by comparing oneself w/ others |
| Individualism | The concept of giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications |
| Independent Self | Construing one’s identity as an autonomous self • Collectivism—giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly |
| interdependent Self | Construing one’s identity in relation to others |
| Planning Fallacy | The tendency to under-estimate how long it will take to complete a task |
| Impact Bias | Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events |
| Dual Attitude System | Differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (consciously controlled) attitudes toward the same object. Verbalized explicit attitudes may change w/ education and persuasion; implicit attitudes change slowly, w/ practice that forms new habitat |
| Self-Esteem | A person’s overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth |
| Terror Management Theory | Proposes that people exhibit self-protective emotional and cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices) when confronted w/ reminders of their mortality |
| Self-Efficacy | A sense that one is competent and effective, distinguished from self-esteem, which is one’s sense of self-worth |
| Locus of Control | The extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts or as externally controlled by chance or outside forces |
| Learned Helplessness | The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad events |
| Self-Serving Bias | The tendency to perceive oneself favorably |
| Self-Serving Attributions | A form of self-serving bias; the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to other facts |
| Defensive Pessimism | The adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one’s anxiety to motivate effective action |
| False Consensus Effect | The tendency to overestimate the commonality of one’s opinions and one’s undesirable or unsuccessful behaviors |
| False Uniqueness Effect | The tendency to underestimate the commonality of one’s abilities and one’s desirable or successful behaviors |
| Group-Serving Bias | Explaining away outgroup members’ positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions (while excusing such behavior by one’s own group |
| Self-Handicapping | Protecting one’s self-image w/ behaviors that create a handy excuse for later failure |
| Self-Presentation | The act of expressing oneself and behaving in ways designed to create a favorable impression or an impression that corresponds to one’s ideals |
| Self-Monitoring | Being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and adjusting one’s performance to create the desired impression |
