| A | B |
|---|
| Fertile Crescent | a large arc of rich farmland extending from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean See |
| Silt | a mix of rich soil and small rocks |
| Irrigation | a way of supplying water to an area of land |
| Canals | human-made waterways |
| Surplus | more of something than is needed |
| Division of Labor | an arrangement in which people specialize in specific tasks |
| Rural | having to do with the countryside |
| Urban | having to do with the city |
| City-State | a political unit consisting of a city and the surrounding countryside |
| Empire | land with different territories and people under a single rule |
| Polytheism | the worship of many gods |
| Priests | people who performed religious ceremonies |
| Social Hierarchy | a division of society by rank or class |
| Cuneiform | the Sumerian system of writing, which used symbols to represent basic parts of words |
| Pictographs | picture symbols that represented objects such as trees or animals |
| Scribe | writer |
| Epics | long poems that tell the story of a hero |
| Architecture | the science of building |
| Ziggurat | a pyramid-shaped temple tower |
| Monarch | a ruler of a kingdom or empire |
| Hammurabi's Code | the earliest known written collection of laws, comprising 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of life |
| Chariot | a wheeled, horse-drawn battle car |
| Nebuchadnezzar | the Chaldean king who rebuilt Babylon |
| Alphabet | a set of letters than can be combined to form written words |
