| A | B |
| artisan | craftsperson |
| social pyramid | system of organizing Egypt's society |
| peasant | person who does farm work for wealthy landowners |
| vizier | a high-ranking government official |
| alliance | an agreement between nations to work together for common interests |
| embalm | to prevent a dead body with preservatives to keep it from decaying |
| sarcophagus | a large stone coffin |
| hieroglyph | a symbol used in hieroglyphics, a system of writing developed in ancient Egypt |
| census | an official count of the population or number of people living in an area |
| scribe | a person who writes |