| A | B |
|---|
| judges | those who acted as temporary military leaders, as well as arbiters of disputes within and between tribes |
| apostasy | denial of God and the repudiation of faith |
| ephod | a vestment worn by Hebrew priests; in Gideon's case, an ephod was most likely a flase idol |
| kingdom of Israel | name of northern kingdom that split with judah after the death of Solomon |
| kingdom of Judah | name of the southern kingdom after the splitting of the monarchy |
| Lost Tribes of Israel | refers to the ten tribes from the northern kingdom that disappeared from history after being enslaved and exiled by the Assyrians |
| Servant Songs | name for four distinct poems accredited to Second Isaiah that deal with a specfic individual, "the servant," whom God would use to usher in a glorious future |
| Samaritans | descendants of a mixed poplulation of Israelites who survived the Assyrian deportations and various pagan settlers imported afterr the northern kingdom fell |
| Gentile | term for non-Jews |
| rabbi | hebrew word for a Jewish master or teacher of the Torah |
| scribes | people trained to write using the earliest forms of writing defore literacy was widespread |
| Zoroastrianism | official religion of the Persian Empire, which understood the universe to be caught in a constant struggle between light and darkness |
| Hellenism | diffusion of Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean world after the conquest of Alexander the Great |
| Hanukkah | Jewish feast of dedication, which celebrates the recovery and purification of the temple from the Syrians in 164 BC. 8 day celebration; known as Feast of Lights |
| Hasmonean Dynasty | Descendants of the Maccabes who ruled in Judea after the ousting of the Syrians in 141 BC until the establishment of Roman authority in 63 BC |
| Relationships | Friendship between God and chosen people is like relationship we should with God and others |
| Joshua | led israelites into the Promise Land |
| cycle of apostasy affected Israelites | while always reveling Gods love for them |
| Samuel | Israel's final judge; ruled wisely and helped choose a king |
| Israels first king | Saul |
| King David | Israel's greatest king; united tribes into single nation |
| Nathan | foretold that God would form a royal dynasty thorugh David, leading to believe a Messiah would come to save the people |
| Solomon | succeeded David; known for wisdom, he made foolish choices as power corrupted him |
| After death of Solomon | kingdom divided into two; Israel to north, Judah to south |
| Basic messgae of prophets | repent and be saved |
| Warned northern people of their sinfulness | Amos, Elisha, Elijah and Hosea |
| Assyrian deportation | ended the lost tribes of israel's identity of God's chosen people |
| Prophets of southern kingdom warned of doom | Isaiah, Micah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel |
| Micah | foretold a cmoing Messioah would lead Israel to peace and justice |
| Chosen People | rededicated themselves to prayer and study during the Babylonian Exile |
| Second Isaiah | consoled people and foretold a suffering servant would come to save the people |
| Postexilic Jerusalem | people rebuilt the temple as well as renewed the covenant in the hearts of the people |
| Zoroastrianism aand Hellinism | both influenced the Jews in the centuries prior to the birth of Christ |
| Maccabean revolt | brought a brief period of Jewish independence |
