| A | B |
|---|
| mastication | chewing |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| ingestion | eating |
| absorption | nutrients cross alimentary canal into bloodstream |
| feces | mucus, intestinal epithelium, bile pigments, undigested food |
| defecate | eliminate feces through the anus |
| constipation | too much water reabsorbed from feces |
| diarrhea | not enough water reabsorbed from feces |
| bolus | lump of food that passes through esophagus into stomach |
| chyme | liquefied food that leaves stomach |
| duodenum | first 2-3" of small intestine |
| jejunum | middle portion of small intestine |
| ileum | last segment of small intestine |
| cecum | first pouch-like portion of large intestine |
| ascending colon | segment of large intestine going UP right side of abdomen |
| transverse colon | segment of large intestine going across the abdomen |
| descending colon | segment of large intestine going DOWN the left side of abdomen |
| recturm | stores feces |
| anus/ anal canal | defecation occurs through these sphincters |
| salivary glands | add water, mucus and amylase to break down starches |
| pancreas | mixed gland that secretes digestive juices and hormones to regulate blood sugar |
| liver | large organ that filters blood and produces bile |
| gall bladder | stores and secretes bile into small intestine |
| stomach | mechanically turns food into chyme and starts protein chemical digestion |
| small intestine | chemical digestion to small subunits and absorption of nutrients occurs here |
| large intestine | water is reabsorbed here |
| tongue | muscle that aids in mastication and deglutition |
| appendix | small extension from the cecum |
| esophagus | muscular tube leading from mouth to stomach |
| epiglottis | flap that covers trachea during deglutition |
| pharynx | opening at the rear of the mouth |
| mesentery | peritoneal membrane that holds intestines together and to the abdominal wall |
| diaphragm | muscle that separates thoracic from abdominal cavity |
| pepsin | enzyme in stomach that starts protein digestion |
| amylase | enzyme in mouth that starts starch digestion |
| bile | secretion that emulsifies fats |
| lipase | enzyme that digests lipids |
| pancreatic juice | contains enzymes that digest carbohydrates, lipids and polypeptides |
