| A | B |
|---|
| Savanna | gently rolling land covered by grasses, occasional trees and thorny bushes |
| Oasis | vegetation fed by underground water, surrounded by desert |
| Migration | movement |
| Clan | group of families who trace their roots to the same ancestors |
| Sahara | the largest desert in the world, it stretches across most of North Africa |
| Silent Barter | trading without speaking |
| Province | small regions of a country |
| Mansa Musa | Mali ruler who greatly expanded the empire |
| Sundiata | military leader who founded Mali |
| Mali | empire located in the Upper Niger Valley |
| Ghana | first West African trade empire |
| Tombouctou | city built by Mansa Musa |
| Songhai | province that broke away from Mali and became the leading state in West Africa |
| Kilwa | one of many trading cities on the East African coast |
| Aksum | an important East African center of trade |
| city-state | a city that is also a separate, independent state |
| Swahili | a Bantu language with Arabic words spoken along the East African coast |
| Great Zimbabwe | powerful southeast African city |
