| A | B |
|---|
| Thurgood Marshall | NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown v. Board of Education case before the Supreme Court |
| Malcolm X | Black Muslim leader who urged blacks to separate from white society |
| Martin Luther King Jr | civil rights leader and minister who believed deeply in the power of nonviolent protest |
| John F Kennedy | president who demanded that Congress pass a sweeping civil rights law but did not live to see it enacted |
| Lyndon B Johnson | president who appointed a committee to study the causes of urban violence |
| James Meredith | veteran who became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi |
| Rosa Parks | activist whose protest helped spark the Montgomery bus boycott |
| Dwight D Eisenhower | president who ordered soldiers to protect African-American students trying to integrate a white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas |
| segregation | In 1875, the Civil Rights Act of 1875 outlaws ___. In 1883, an all-white Supreme Court would declare the act unconstitutional. |
| Plessy v Ferguson | In 1896, in ___, the Supreme Court rules that a Louisiana law requiring "separate but equal" public accommodations is constitutional. |
| boycott | In 1955, in response, the Montgomery Improvement Association is formed to organize a ___ of Montgomery buses, and Martin Luther King, Jr., is elected its leader. |
| Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka | In 1957, following the Arkansas governor's refusal to obey the Supreme Court decision in ___, a crisis occurs in Little Rock. President Eisenhower places the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and orders paratroopers into the city. |
| Southern Christian Leadership Conference | In 1957, the ___ is founded under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., for the purpose of carrying out non-violent campaigns against segregation and racism. |
| Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee | In 1960, to make better use of young civil rights workers, the ___ is founded. |
| sit-ins | In 1960, members of SNCC use ___ to desegregate lunch counters throughout the South. |
| March on Washington | He led the Freedom Summer project in Mississippi. |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | The Civil Rights Act of 1965 was passed during his presidency. |
| James Meredith | He was the first African-American student to attend the University of Mississippi. |
| freedom riders | They tested the Supreme Court decisions banning segregation on interstate bus routes and facilities in bus terminals. |
| Freedom summer | By campaigning to register African-American voters, it hoped to attract national attention and influence Congress to pass a voting rights act. |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | This eliminated the literacy test and stated that federal examiners could enroll voters denied suffrage by local officials. |
| Selma to Montgomery March | Televised scenes of violence during this event convinced Lyndon B. Johnson to ask Congress for swift passage of a voting rights act. |
| John F Kennedy | He used federal marshals to protect the freedom riders on the last leg of their journey and to force the desegregation of the universities of Mississippi and Alabama. |
| de jure segregation | This is segregation that exists by law. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1968 | This banned discrimination in housing. |
| Nation of Islam | Headed by Elijah Muhammad this organization was also known as Black Muslims. |
| de facto segregation | This is segregation that exists by practice and custom, not by law. |
| Kerner Commission | The goal of this was to study the causes of the 1965 uprising in Watts. |
| Black Panthers | This political party was formed to fight against police brutality in the ghetto. |
| Malcolm X | This former minister of the Nation of Islam was shot and killed while giving a speech in Harlem. |
| Black Power | King objected to the use of this slogan because he believed it provoked violence. |
