| A | B |
|---|
| 3 Ways the Earth is Unique | Liquid water on surface; Atmosphere has oxygen; supports live |
| "basics" of Earth | 97% salt water; 3% fresh water; third planet |
| What shape is Earth? | oblate spheriod |
| How do scientists infer Earth's core? | Using seismic waves and comparing to how they act in solids, liquids and gases |
| compositional layers of Earth | Crust; mantle; core |
| structural layers of Earth | Lithosphere; asthenosphere; mesosphere; (outer core; inner core) |
| How is Earth like a magnet? | 2 magnetic poles N & S; outer core contains iron |
| Proof Earth not perfect sphere | weight changes as you go from poles; diameter differences pole and equator; Polaris |
| gravity | force of attraction existing between all matter |
| weight | measure of strength of gravity on an object |
| system | set of particles or interacting components |
| two types of systems | closed and open |
| closed system | system where energy but not matter is exchanged with surroundings |
| open system | system where things can move in and out |
| 4 spheres of Earth | atmosphere; hydrosphere; geosphere; biosphere |
| atmosphere | gases surrounding Earth; oxygen and other gases |
| hydrosphere | water covering 71% of Earth |
| geosphere | solid part of the Earth; rock, soil; solid and molten rock |
| biosphere | were all life is in geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere |
| 1st law of thermodynamics | law of conservation: energy is transferred but not created or destroyed |
| 2nd law of thermodynamics | law of entropy: when energy transfer takes place, matter becomes less organized with time (breakdown) |
| Where does energy from Earth come from? | internal sources of energy and external sources of energy |
| internal sources of energy | interior of Earth is warmer; convection currents carry hot materials to surface (radioactive decay) |
| external sources of energy | solar radiation warms atmosphere; causes air masses to move |
| cycle | group of processes in which matter and energy repeatedly move through series of resevoirs |
| reservoir | place where matter or energy is stored |
| nitrogen cycle | recycling of nitrogen; moves from air to soil, bacteria to animals and back |
| carbon cycle | movement of carbon through all four spheres |
| short term carbon cycle | plants convert carbon dioxide into glucose, animals eat plants |
| long term carbon cycle | movement of carbon over long time, stored in buried animals and plants |
| phosphorus cycle | phosphorus moves through all spheres |
| water cycle | liquid water to vapor in clouds to precipitation |
| human effect on systems | humans alter systems by use of fossil fuels, nitrogen and phosphorus |
