| A | B |
|---|
| Navigation | science of identifying your position |
| how do we find locations | use reference points, north and south pole, and equator |
| coordinate system | system of intersecting lines used to determine location |
| latitude | measures N and S; parallels; |
| longitude | measures E and W; meridians |
| Prime Meridian | 0 degrees; Greenwich England |
| International Date Line | 180 degrees; day changes |
| Time is based on? | observation of sun, noon highest point in sky |
| Earth rotates ___degrees per hour? | 15 degrees |
| geomagnetic poles off by ___ degrees | 12 degrees |
| global positioning system | uses satellites to find latitude and longitude |
| cartography | mapping Earth surface; field surveys and remote sensing devices |
| globe | spherical model of Earth |
| maps | flat representations of Earth's surface |
| projections | way to represent Earth on paper |
| zenith | straight over your head |
| Latitude and Longitude facts | perpendicular; accurate at equator, distorted towar poles |
| azimuthal (gnomonic) | used for travel & directions; small distortion at contact point |
| conic (polyconic) | paper cone over position, where it touches is most accurate |
| compass rose | tells N, S, E, W |
| legend | symbols used on a map |
| scale | ratio of size on a map |
| isograms | "equal drawing" |
| isolines | lines of equal value |
| isobars | measures pressure |
| isotherm | measures temperature |
| contour line elevation | measures elevation |
| field | area where similiar quantities can be measured |
| topographic maps | show surface features of Earth; hills, valleys, rivers, etc |
| elevation | height above sea level; contour lines connect these |
| contour interval | distance between contour lines (equal) |
| relief | difference between highest and lowest point on contour map drawing |
| how do you show gentle slope? | a gradual change in elevation (contour lines) |
| how do you show steep slope? | rapid change in elevation (closer contour lines) |
| contour lines form "V" | to show higher end of valley |
| "V" upstream | if there is a stream |
| Wide Valley | a wide "v" |
| hilltops | closed loops |
| depression | closed loop with lines pointing in |
| colors of topographic maps | black, red, blue, green, purple |
| black means | construction feature; contour lines |
| red means | major roads and highways |
| blue means | water |
| green means | forest area |
| purple means | featured but not confirmed by field work |
| sea level | midpoint between high and low tides |
| geologic map | shows Earth's features; rock formations, faults, fields |
| soil map | classifies and describes soil types for agriculture and land mgmt. |
