| A | B |
|---|
| mê | pron., me, myself |
| quid | pron., what |
| nihil | nothing |
| nôn | adv., not |
| saepe | adv., often |
| sî | conj., if |
| amô, amâre, amâvî, amâtum | to love, like; amâbô tê - (idiom) please |
| côgitô, côgitâre, côgitâvî, côgitâtum | to think, ponder, consider, plan |
| dêbeô, dêbêre, dêbuî, dêbitum | to owe; ought, must, should |
| dô, dare, dedî, datum | to give, offer |
| errô, errâre, errâvî, errâtum | to wander; err, go astray, make a mistake, be mistaken |
| laudô, laudâre, laudâvî, laudâtum | to praise |
| moneô, monêre, monuî, monitum | to remind, advise, warn |
| salveô, salvêre | to be well, be in good health; salvê, salvête - hello, greetings |
| servô, servâre, servâvî, servâtum | to preserve, save, keep, guard |
| cônservô, cônservâre, cônservâvî, cônservâtum | a stronger from of servô, to preserve, conserve, maintain |
| terreô, terrêre, terruî, territum | to frighten, terrify |
| valeô, valêre, valuî, valitûrum | to be strong, have power; be well; valê (valête) - goodbye, farewell! |
| videô, vidêre, vîdî, vîsum | to see; observe, understand |
| vocô, vocâre, vocâvî, vocâtum | to call, summon |
| fâma, fâmae, f. | rumor, report; fame, reputation |
| fôrma, fôrmae, f. | form, shape; beauty |
| fortûna, fortûnae, f. | fortune, luck |
| îra, îrae, f. | ire, anger |
| nauta, nautae, m. | sailor |
| patria, patriae, f. | fatherland, native land, (one's) country |
| pecûnia, pecûniae, f. | money |
| philosophia, philosophiae, f. | philosphy |
| poena, poenae, f. | penalty, punishment; poenâs dare - (idiom) to pay the penalty |
| poêta, poêtae, m. | poet |
| porta, portae, f. | gate, entrance |
| puella, puellae, f. | girl |
| rosa, rosae, f. | rose |
| sententia, sententiae, f. | feeling, thought, opinion, vote, sentence |
| vîta, vîtae, f. | life; mode of life |
| antîquus, antîqua, antîquum | ancient, old-time |
| magnus, magna, magnum | large, great; important |
| meus, mea, meum | my |
| multus, multa, multum | much, many |
| tuus, tua, tuum | your (when speaking to only one person) |
| et | conj., and; even |
| et...et | both...and |
| sed | conj., but |
| Ô | interj., O!, Oh!, commonly preceding a vocative |
| sine | prep. + abl., without |
| est | is |
| ager, agrî, m. | field, farm |
| agricola, -ae, m. | farmer |
| amîcus, -î, m., amîca, -ae, f. | friend |
| fêmina, -ae, f. | woman |
| fîlia, -ae, f. | daughter, dat. and abl. pl. fîliâbus |
| fîlius, fîliî, m. | son |
| numerus, -î, m. | number |
| populus, -î, m. | the people, a people, a nation |
| puer, puerî, m. | boy; pl. boys, children |
| sapientia, -ae, f. | wisdom |
| vir, virî, m. | man, hero |
| avârus, -a, -um | greedy, avaricious |
| paucî, -ae, -a | (usually pl.) few, a few |
| Rômânus, Rômâna, Rômânum | Roman |
| dê | prep. + abl., down from, from; concerning, about; (as a prefix dê- with such meanings as down, away, aside, out, off) |
| in | prep. + abl., in, on; (also as a prefix) |
| hodiê | adv., today |
| semper | adv., always |
| habeô, habêre, habuî, habitum | to have, hold, possess; consider, regard |
| satiô (1) | to satisfy, sate |
| bâsium, -iî, n. | kiss |
| bellum, -î, n. | war |
| cônsilium, -iî, n. | plan, purpose, counsel, advice, judgment, wisdom |
| cûra, -ae, f. | care, attention, caution, anxiety |
| dônum, -î, n. | gift, present |
| exitium, -iî, n. | destruction, ruin |
| magister, magistrî, m. magistra, -ae, f. | schoolmaster or schoolmistress, teacher, master or mistress |
| mora, -ae, f. | delay |
| nihil, n. (indeclinable) | nothing |
| oculus, -î, m. | eye |
| officium, -iî, n. | duty, service |
| ôtium, -iî, n. | leisure, peace |
| perîculum, -î, n. | danger, risk |
| remedium, -iî, n. | cure, remedy |
| bellus, -a, -um | pretty, handsome, charming |
| bonus, -a, -um | good, kind |
| hûmânus, -a, -um | pertaining to man, human; humane, kind; refined, cultivated |
| malus, -a, -um | bad, wicked, evil |
| parvus, -a, -um | small, little |
| stultus, -a, -um | foolish |
| stultus, -î, m. | a fool |
| vêrus, -a, -um | true, real, proper |
| iuvô, (or adiuvô), iuvâre, iûvî, iûtum | to help, aid, assist; please |
| sum, esse, fuî, futûrum | to be, exist |
| adulêscentia, -ae, f. | youth, young manhood; youthfulness |
| animus, -î, m. | soul, spirit, mind; animî, animôrum - high spirits, pride, courage |
| caelum, -î, n. | sky, heaven |
| culpa, -ae, f. | fault, blame |
| glôria, -ae, f. | glory, fame |
| verbum, -î, n. | word |
| tê | abl. and acc. sg., you; yourself |
| lîber, lîbera, lîberum | free |
| noster, nostra, nostrum | our, ours |
| pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum | beautiful, handsome; fine |
| sânus, -a, -um | sound, healthy, sane |
| igitur | conj., (postpositive) therefore, consequently |
| -ne | interrog. suffix attached to the first word of a sentence, typically the verb or another word on which the question hinges |
| propter | prep. + acc., on account of, because of |
| crâs | adv., tomorrow |
| heri | adv., yesterday |
| quandô | interrog. and rel. adv. and conj., when; sî quandô - if ever |
| satis | indecl. noun, adj., and adv., enough, sufficient (-ly) |
| tum | adv., then at that time; thereupon, in the next place |
| cênô (1) | to dine |
| culpô (1) | to blame, censure |
| maneô, manêre, mânsî, mânsum or remaneô, remanêre, remânsî, remânsum | to remain, stay, stay behind, abide, continue |
| superô (1) | to be above, have the upper hand, surpass; overcome, conquer |
| deus, -î, m. | god; voc. sg. deus, nom. pl. dî, dat. and abl. pl. dîs |
| dea, -ae, f. | goddess; dat. and abl. pl. deâbus |
| discipulus, -î, m. and discipula, -ae, f. | learner, pupil, student |
| însidiae, -ârum, f. pl. | ambush, plot, treachery |
| liber, librî, m. | book |
| tyrannus, -î, m. | absolute ruler, tyrant |
| vitium, -iî, n. | fault, crime, vice |
| Graecus, -a, -um | Greek |
| Graecus, -î, m. | a Greek |
| perpetuus, -a, -um | perpetual, lasting, uninterrupted, continuous |
| plênus, -a, -um | full, abundant, generous |
| salvus, -a, -um | safe, sound |
| secundus, -a, -um | second; favorable |
| vester, vestra, vestrum | your (pl. i.e. addressing more than one person), yours |
| -que | (enclitic) conj., and; appended to the second of two words to be joined |
| ubi | (1) rel. adv. and conj., where, when; (2) interrog. adv. and conj., where? |
| ibi | adv., there |
| nunc | adv., now, at present |
| quârê | adv., lit. because of which thing (quâ rê), but more commonly therefore, wherefore, why |
| possum, posse, potuî | to be able, can, could, have power |
| tolerô (1) | to bear, endure |
| amor, amôris, m. | love |
| carmen, carminis, n. | song, poem |
| cîvitâs, cîvitâtis, f. | state, citizenship |
| corpus, corporis, n. | body |
| homô, hominis, m. | human being, man |
| labor, labôris, m. | labor, work, toil; a work, production |
| littera, -ae, f. | a letter of the alphabet |
| litterae, litterârum, f. (pl.) | a letter (epistle), literature |
| môs, môris, m. | habit, custom, manner |
| môrês, môrum, m. (pl.) | habits, morals, character |
| nômen, nôminis, n. | name |
| pâx, pâcis, f. | peace |
| rêgîna, -ae, f. | queen |
| rêx, rêgis, m. | king |
| terra, -ae, f. | earth, ground, land, country |
| uxor, uxôris, f. | wife |
| virgô, virginis, f. | maiden, virgin |
| virtûs, virtûtis, f. | manliness, courage; excellence, character, worth, virtue |
| novus, -a, -um | new; strange |
| post | prep. + acc., after, behind |
| sub | prep. + abl. with verbs of rest, + acc. with verbs of motion - under, up under, close to |
| audeô, audêre, ausus sum | to dare |
| necô (1) | to murder, kill |
| Cicerô, Cicerônis, m. | (Marcus Tullius) Cicero |
| côpia, -ae, f. | abundance, supply; côpiae, -ârum, pl. - supplies, troops, forces |
| frâter, frâtris, m. | brother |
| laud, laudis, f. | praise, glory, fame |
| lîbertâs, lîbertâtis, f. | liberty |
| ratiô, ratiônis, f. | reckoning, account; reason, judgment, consideration; system; manner, method |
| scrîptor, scrîptôris, m. | writer, author |
| soror, sorôris, f. | sister |
| victôria, -ae, f. | victory |
| dum | conj., while, as long as, at the same time that; +subj., until |
| ad | prep. +acc., to, up to, near to, in the sense of "place to which" with verbs of motion (the "d" is sometimes assimilated to "ac" as in accipiô, "ap" as in appellô, "a" as in aspiciô) |
| ex or ê | prep. abl., out of, from, from within; byreason of, on account of; following cardinal numbers - of (use ex before consonants or vowels, ê before consonants only) |
| numquam | adv., never |
| tamen | adv., nevertheless, still |
| agô, agere, êgî, âctum | to drive, lead, do, act; pass, spend (life or time); grâtias agere + dat., to thank someone |
| dêmônstrô (1) | to point out, show; demonstrate |
| discô, discere, didicî | to learn |
| doceô, docêre, docuî, doctum | to teach |
| dûcô, dûcere, dûxî, ductum | to lead; consider, regard; prolong |
| gerô, gerere, gessî, gestum | to carry; carry on, manage, conduct, wage, accomplish, perform |
| scrîbô, scrîbere, scrîpsî, scrîptum | to write, compose |
| trahô, trahere, trâxî, tractum | to draw, drag; derive, acquire |
| vincô, vincere, vîcî, victum | to conquer, overcome |
| UNUS | ûnus, -a, -um (ûnîus, etc.), one; nûllus, -a, -um (nûllîus, etc.), no, none; ûllus, -a, -aum, any; sôlus, -a, -um, alone, only |
| NAUTA | neuter, neutra, neutrum, neither; alius, -a, -ud, another, other; uter, utra, utrum, either, which (of two); tôtus, -a, -um, whole, entire; alter, altera, alterum, the other (of two) |
| locus, -î, m. | place; passage in literature; pl., loca, -ôrum, n., places, region; locî, -ôrum, m., passages in literature |
| morbus, -î, m. | disease, sickness |
| studium, -iî, n. | eagerness, zeal, pursuit, study |
| hic, haec, hoc | this; the latter; at times weakened to he, she, it, they |
| ille, illa, illud | that; the former; the famous; he, she, it, they |
| iste, ista, istud | that of yours, that; such; sometimes with contemptuous force |
| alius, -a, -ud | other, another |
| alter, altera, alterum | the other (of two), second |
| neuter, neutra, neutrum | not either, neither |
| nûllus, -a, -um | not any, no, none |
| sôlus, -a, -um | alone, only, the only |
| tôtus, -a, -um | whole, entire |
| ûllus, -a, -um | any |
| ûnus, -a, -um | one, single, alone |
| uter, utra, utrum | either, which (of two) |
| enim | postpositive conj., for, in fact, truly |
| in | prep. + acc., into, toward; against; prep. + abl., in, on (in compounds, in- may also appear as il-, ir-, im-; and may have its literal meanings or have simply an intensive force) |
| nimis or nimium | adv., too, too much, excessively |
| aliî...aliî | some...others |
| nôn sôlum...sed etiam | not only...but also |
| amîcitia, -ae, f. | friendship |
| cupiditâs, cupiditâtis, f. | desire, longing, passion; cupidity, avarice |
| hôra, -ae, f. | hour, time |
| nâtûra, -ae, f. | way, road, street |
| senectûs, senectûtis, f. | old age |
| timor, timôris, m. | fear |
| vêritâs, vêritâtis, f. | truth |
| via, -ae, f. | way, road, street |
| voluptâs, voluptâtis, f. | pleasure |
| beâtus, -a, -um | happy, fortunate, blessed |
| quoniam | conj., since, inasmuch as |
| cum | prep. + abl., with. As a prefix cum may appear as com-, con-, cor-, col-, co-, and means with, together, completely, or simply has an intensive force |
| audiô, audîre, audîvî, audîtum | to hear, listen to |
| capiô, capere, cêpî, captum | to take, capture, seize, get. In compounds the -a- becomes -i-, accipiô, excipiô, incipiô, recipiô |
| dîcô, dîcere, dîxî, dictum | to say, tell, speak; name, call |
| faciô, facere, fêcî, factum | to make, do, accomplish. In compounds the -a- becomes -i-, conficiô, perficiô |
| fugiô, fugere, fûgî, fugitûrum | to flee, hurry away; escape; go into exile; avoid, shun |
| veniô, venîre, vênî, ventum | to come |
| inveniô, invenîre, -vênî, -ventum | to come upon, find |
| vîvô, vîvere, vîxî, vîctum | to live |
| caput, capitis, n. | head; leader; beginning; life; heading; chapter |
| cônsol, cônsulis, m. | consul |
| nêmô, nûllîus, nêminî, nêminem, nûllô or nûllâ, m. or f. | no one, nobody |
| ego, meî | I |
| tû, tuî | you |
| is ea id | this, that; he, she, it |
| îdem, eadem, idem | the same |
| amîcus, -a, -um | friendly |
| cârus, -a, -um | dear |
| quod | conj., because |
| neque, nec | conj. and not, nor |
| neque...neque or nec...nec | neither...nor |
| autem | postpositive conj., however; moreover |
| bene | adv. of bonus, well, satisfactorily, quite |
| etiam | adv., even, also |
| intellegô, intellegere, intellêxî, intellêctum | to understand |
| mittô, mittere, mîsî, missum | to feel, perceive, think, experience |
| sentiô, sentîre, sênsî, sênsum | to feel, perceive, think, experience |
| adulêscêns, adulêscentis, m. and f. | young man or woman |
| annus, -î, m. | year |
| Asia, -ae, f. | Asia |
| Caesar, Caesaris, m. | Caesar |
| mâter, mâtris, f. | mother |
| medicus, -î, m., and medica, -ae, f. | doctor, physician |
| pater, patris, m. | father |
| patientia, -ae, f. | suffering; patience, endurance |
| prîncipium, -iî, n. | beginning |
| acerbus, -a, -um | harsh, bitter, grievous |
| prô | prep. + abl., in front of, before, on behalf of, for the sake of, in return for, instead of, for, as; also as a prefix |
| diû | adv., long, for a long time |
| nûper | adv., recently |
| âmittô, -mittere, -mîsî, -missum | to lose, let go |
| cadô, cadere, cecidî, câsûrum | to fall |
| creô (1) | to create |
| dîvitiae, -ârum, f. | pl., riches, wealth |
| factum, -î, n. | deed, act, achievement |
| signum, -î, n. | sign, signal, indication; seal |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum | intensive pron., myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, etc., the very, the actual |
| quisque, quidque (gen. cuiusque; dat. cuique) | indefinite pron., each one, each person, each thing |
| suî | reflexive pron. of 3rd pers., himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| doctus, -a, -um | taught, learned, skilled |
| fortûnâtus, -a, -um | lucky, fortunate, happy |
| suus, -a, -um | reflexive possessive adj. of 3rd pers., his own, her own, its own, their own |
| nam | conj., for |
| ante | prep. +acc., before (in place or time), in front of; adv., before, previously |
| per | prep + acc., through; with reflexive pron., by; per- (assimilated to pel- before forms beginning with l-), as a prefix, through, through and through = thoroughly, completely, very |
| ôlim | adv., at that time, once, formerly; in the future |
| alô, alere, aluî, altum | to nourish, support, sustain, increase; cherish |
| dîligô, dîligere, dîlêxî, dîlêctum | to esteem, love |
| iungô, iungere, iûnxî, iûnctum | to join |
| stô, stâre, stetî, statum | to stand, stand still or firm |
| animal, animâlis, n. | a living creature, animal |
| aqua, -ae, f. | water |
| ars, artis, f. | art, skill |
| auris, auris, f. | ear |
| cîvis, cîvis, m. and f. | citizen |
| iûs, iûris, n. | right, justice, law |
| mare, maris, n. | sea |
| mors, mortis, f. | death |
| nûbês, nûbis, f. | cloud |
| ôs, ôris, n. | mouth, face |
| pars, partis, f. | part, share; direction |
| Rôma, -ae, f. | Rome |
| turba, -ae, f. | uproar, disturbance; mob, crowd, multitude |
| urbs, urbis, f. | city |
| vîs, vîs, f. | force, power, violence; vîrês, vîrium, pl., strength |
| â (before consonants), ab (before vowels or consonants) | prep. + abl., away from, from; by (personal agent); frequent in compounds |
| trâns | prep. + acc., across; also a prefix |
| appellô (1) | to speak to, address (as), call, name |
| currô, currere, cucurrî, cursum | to run, rush, move quickly |
| mûtô (1) | to change, alter; exchange |
| teneô, tenêre, tenuî, tentum | to hold, keep, possess; restrain; tineô, -êre, -tinuî, -tentum in compunds, e.g. contineô |
| vîtô (1) | to avoid, shun |
| Italia, Italiae, f. | Italy |
| memoria, memoriae, f. | memory, recollection |
| tempestâs, tempestâtis, f. | period of time, season; weather, storm |
| miser, misera, miserum | wretched, miserable, unfortunate |
| inter | prep. + acc., between, amoung |
| itaque | adv., and so, therefore |
| committô, committere, commîsî, commissum | to entrust, commit |
| exspectô, expectâre, exspectâvî | to look for, expect, await |
| iaciô, iacere, iêcî, iactum | to throw, hurl (appears in compounds as -icio, -icere, -iêcî, -iectum |
| timeô, timêre, timuî | to fear, be afraid (of) |
| The genitive of the whole can be used after the NEUTER NOMINATIVE and ACCUSATIVE of these pronouns and adjectives | aliquid, quid, multum, plûs, minus, satis, nihil, tantum, quantum (nihil temporis = no time, quid cônsiliî = what plan?, satis êloquentiae = sufficient eloquence) |
| The genitive of the whole may itself be the NEUTER SINGULAR of a SECOND DECLENSION ADJECTIVE | multum bonî = much good, quid novî = what (is) new?, nihil certî = nothing certain |
| ûnus, -a, -um | one |
| duo, duae, duo | two |
| três, tria | three |
| quattuor | four |
| quînque | five |
| sex | six |
| septem | seven |
| octô | eight |
| novem | nine |
| decem | ten |
| ûndecim | eleven |
| duodecim | twelve |
| tredecim | thirteen |
| quattourdecim | fourteen |
| quîndecim | fifteen |
| sêdecim | sixteen |
| septendecim | seventeen |
| duodêvîgintî | eighteen |
| ûndêvîgintî | nineteen |
| vîgintî | twenty |
| mîlle | indeclin. adj. in sg., thousand |
| mîlia, mîlium, n. | i-stem noun in pl., thousands |
| prîmus, -a, -um | first |
| secundus, alter | second |
| tertius | third |
| quârtus | fourth |
| quîntus | fifth |
| sextus | sixth |
| septimus | seventh |
| octâvus | eighth |
| nônus | ninth |
| decimus | tenth |
| ûndecimus | eleventh |
| duodecimus | twelfth |
| aetâs, aetâtis, f. | period of life, life, age, an age, time |
| audîtor, audîtôris, m. | hearer, listener, member of an audience |
| clêmentia, -ae, f. | mildness, gentleness, mercy |
| mêns, mentis, f. | mind, thought, intention |
| satura, -ae, f. | satire |
| âcer, âcris, âcre | sharp, keen, eager; severe, fierce |
| brevis, breve | short, small, brief |
| celer, celeris, celere | swift, quick, rapid |
| difficilis, difficile | hard, difficult, troublesome |
| dulcis, dulce | sweet; pleasant, agreeable |
| facilis, facile | easy, agreeable |
| fortis, forte | strong, brave |
| ingêns, gen. ingentis | huge |
| iûcundus, -a, -um | pleasant, delightful, agreeable, pleasing |
| longus, -a, -um | long |
| omnis, omne | every, all |
| potêns, gen. potentis | pres. participle of possum as an adj., able, powerful, mighty, strong |
| senex, gen. senis | adj. and noun, old aged; old man |
| quam | adv., how |
| regô, regere, rêxî, rêctum | to rule, guide, direct |
| libellus, -î, m. | little book |
| quî, quae, quod | rel. pron., who, which, what, that |
| caecus, -a, -um | blind |
| levis, leve | light; easy; slight, trivial |
| aut | conj., or |
| aut...aut | either...or |
| cito | adv., quickly |
| quoque | adv., also, too |
| admittô, -mittere, -mîsî, -missum | to admit, receive, let in |
| coepî, coepisse, coeptum | began (defective verb used in the perfect system only; the present system is supplied by incipiô) |
| cupiô, cupere, cupîvî, cupîtum | to desire, wish, long for |
| dêleô, dêlêre, dêlêvî, dêlêtum | to destroy, wipe out, erase |
| dêsîderô (1) | to desire, long for, miss |
| incipiô, -cipere, -cêpî, -ceptum | to begin |
| nâvigô (1) | to sail, navigate |
| neglegô, neglegere, neglêxî, neglêctum | to neglect, disregard |
| recitô (1) | to read aloud, recite |
| flûmen, flûminis, n. | river |
| genus, generis, n. | origin; kind, type, sort, class |
| hostis, hostis, m. | an enemy; hostês, -ium, the enemy |
| lûdis, -î, m. | game, sport; school |
| probitâs, probitâtis, f. | uprightness, honesty |
| scientia, -ae, f. | knowledge |
| clârus, -a, -um | clear, bright; renowned, famous, illustrious |
| mortâlis, mortâle | mortal |
| cûr | adv., why |
| deinde | adv., thereupon, next, then |
| fluô, lfuere, flûxî, flûxum | to flow |
| legô, legere, lêgî, lêctum | to pick out, choose; read |
| misceô, miscêre, miscuî, mixtum | to mix, stir up, disturb |
| moveô, movêre, môvî, môtum | to move; arouse, affect |
| videor, vidêrî, vîsus sum | pass. of videô, to be seen, seem, appear |
| argûmentum, -î, n. | proof, evidence, argument |
| auctor, auctôris, m. | increaser; author, originator |
| beneficium, -iî, n. | benefit, kindness; favor |
| familia, -ae, f. | household, family |
| Graecia, -ae, f. | Greece |
| iûdex, iûdicis, m. | judge, juror |
| iûdicium, -iî, n. | judgment, decision, opinion; trial |
| scelus, sceleris, n. | evil deed, crime, sin, wickedness |
| quis? quid? | interrog. pron., who? whose? whom? what? which? |
| quî? quae? quod? | interrog. adj., what? which? what kind of? |
| certus, -a, -um | definite, sure, certain, reliable |
| gravis, grave | heavy, weighty; serious, important; severe, grievous |
| immortâlis, immortâle | not subject to death, immortal |
| at | conj., but; but, you say; a more emotional adversative than sed |
| nisi | conj., if...not, unless; except |
| contrâ | prep. + acc., against |
| iam | adv., now, already, soon |
| dêlectô (1) | to delight, charm, please |
| lîberô (1) | to free, liberate |
| parô (1) | to prepare, provide; get, obtain |
| coniûrâtî, -ôrum, m. pl. | conspirators |
| cornû, cornûs, n. | horn |
| frûctus, frûctûs, m. | fruit; profit, benefit, enjoyment |
| genû, genûs, n. | knee |
| manus, manûs, f. | hand; handwriting; band |
| metus, -ûs, m. | fear, dread, anxiety |
| môns, montis, m. | mountain |
| senâtus, -ûs, m. | senate |
| sênsus, -ûs, m. | feeling, sense |
| servitûs, servitûtis, f. | servitude, slavery |
| spîritus, -ûs, m. | breath, breathing; spirit, soul |
| versus, -ûs, m. | line of verse |
| commûnis, commûne | common, general, of/for the community |
| dexter, dextra, dextrum | right, right-hand |
| sinister, sinistra, sinistrum | left, left-hand; harmful, ill-omened |
| careô, carêre, caruî, caritûrum | + abl. of separation, to be without, be deprived of, want, lack; be free from |
| dêfendô, -fendere, -fendî, -fênsum | to ward off; defend, protect |
| discêdô, -cêdere, -cessî, -cessum | to go away, depart |
| ôdî, ôdisse, ôsûrum | to hate (a so-called "defective" verb, having only perf. system forms and a fut. act. participle) |
| prohibeô, -hibêre, -hibuî, -hibitum | to keep (back), prevent, hinder, restrain, prohibit |
| prônûntiô (1) | to proclaim, announce; declaim; pronounce |
| casa, -ae, f. | house, cottage, hut |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; case, situation (causâ, abl. with a preceding gen., for the sake of, on account of) |
| fenestra, -ae, f. | window |
| fînis, fînis, m. | end, limit, boundary; purpose; (fînês, -ium, boundaries, territory) |
| gêns, gentis, f. | clan, race, nation, people |
| mundus, -î, m. | world, universe |
| nâvis, nâvis, f. | ship, boat |
| salûs, salûtis, f. | health, safety; greeting |
| Trôia, -ae, f. | Troy |
| vîcînus, -î, m., vîcîna, -ae, f. | neighbor |
| vulgus, -î, n. | the common people, mob, rabble |
| asper, aspera, asperum | rough, harsh |
| atque or ac | (only before consonants), conj., and, and also, and even |
| iterum | adv., again, a second time |
| contineô, -tinêre, -tinuî, -tentum | to hold together, contain, keep, enclose, restrain |
| iubeô, iubêre, iussî, iussum | to bid, order, command |
| labôrô (1) | to labor; be in distress |
| rapiô, rapere, rapuî, raptum | to seize, snatch, carry away |
| relinquô, -linquere, -lîquî, -lictum | to leave behind, leave, abandon, desert |
| sciô, scîre, scîvî, scîtum | to know |
| tangô, tangere, tetigî, tâctum | to touch |
| diês, diêî, m. | day |
| ferrum, -î, n. | iron; sword |
| fidês, fideî, f. | faith, trust, trustworthiness, fidelity; promise, guarantee, protection |
| ignis, ignis, m. | fire |
| modus, -î, m. | measure, bound, limit; manner, method, mode, way |
| rês, reî, f. | thing, matter, business, affair |
| rês pûblica, reî pûblicae, f. | state, commonwealth, republic |
| spês, speî, f. | hope |
| aequus, -a, -um | level, even; calm; equal, just; favorable |
| fêlîx, gen. fêlîcis | lucky, fortunate, happy |
| incertus, -a, -um | uncertain, unsure, doubtful |
| Latînus, -a, -um | Latin |
| medius, -a, -um | middle; (used partitively) the middle of: media urbs, the middle of the city |
| quondam | adv., formerly, once |
| ultrâ | adv. and prep. + acc., on the other side of, beyond |
| prôtinus | adv., immediately |
| cernô, cernere, crêvî, crêtum | to distinguish, discern, perceive |
| êripiô, -ripere, -ripuî, -reptum | to snatch away, take away; rescue |
| inquit | (defective verb) he says or said (placed after one or more words of a direct quotation but usually translated first) |
| tollô, tollere, sustulî, sublâtum | to raise, lift up; take away, remove, destroy |
| arx, arcis, f. | citadel, stronghold |
| dux, ducis, m. | leader, guide; commander, general |
| equus, -î, m. | horse |
| hasta, -ae, f. | spear |
| însula, -ae, f. | island |
| lîtus, lîtoris, n. | shore, coast |
| mîles, mîlitis, m. | soldier |
| ôrâtor, ôrâtôris, m. | orator, speaker |
| sacerdôs, sacerdôtis, m. | priest |
| aliquis, aliquid | indef. pron., someone, somebody, something (gen. alicuius, dat. alicui, etc.) |
| quisquis, quidquid | (quis repeated; cases other than nom. rare), indef. pron., whoever, whatever |
| magnanimus, -a, -um | great-hearted, brave, magnanimous |
| umquam | (in questions or negative clauses) adv., ever, at any time |
| êducô (1) | to bring up, educate |
| gaudeô, gaudêre, gâvîsus sum | to be glad, rejoice |
| ostendô, ostendere, ostendî, ostentum | to exhibit, show, display |
| petô, petere, petîvî, petîtum | to seek, aim at, beg, beseech |
| premô, premere, pressî, pressum | to press; press hard, pursue; -primô in compunds as seen in opprimô |
| opprimô, -primere, -pressî, -pressum | to suppress, overwhelm, overpower, check |
| vertô, vertere, vertî, versum | to turn; change; (avertô, turn away, avert) (revertô, turn back) |
| Carthâgô, Carthâginis, f. | Carthage |
| fâbula, -ae, f. | story, tale; play |
| imperâtor, imperâtôris, m. | general, commander-in-chief, emperor |
| imperium, -iî, n. | power to command, supreme power, authority, command, control |
| perfugium, -iî, n. | refuge, shelter |
| servus, -î, m., and serva, -ae, f. | slave |
| sôlâcium, -iî, n. | comfort, relief |
| vulnus, vulneris, n. | wound |
| re- or red-, prefix | again, back |
| ut, conj. + indic. | as, just as, when |
| posteâ | afterwards |
| accipiô, -cipere, -cêpî, -ceptum | to take (to one's self), receive, accept |
| excipiô, -cipere, -cêpî, -ceptum | to take back, regain; admit, receive |
| recipiô, -cipere, -cêpî, -ceptum | to take back, regain; admit, receive |
| pellô, pellere, pepulî, pulsum | to strike, push; drive out, banish |
| expellô, -pellere, -pulî, -pulsum | to drive out, expel, banish |
| nârro (1) | to tell, report, narrate |
| quaerô, quaerere, quaesîvî, quaesîtum | to seek, look for, strive for, ask, inquire, inquire into |
| rîdeô, rîdêre, rîsî, rîsum | to laugh, laugh at |
| lingua, -ae, f. | tongue; language |
| ferôx, gen. ferôcis | fierce, savage |
| fidêlis, fidêle | faithful, loyal |
| geminus, -a, -um | twin |
| sapiêns, gen. sapientis | as adj. - wise, judicious; as noun - a wise man, philosopher |
| ultimus, -a, -um | farthest, extreme; last, final |
| dehinc | then, next |
| hîc | here |
| âit, âiunt | he says, they say, assert (commonly used in connection with proverbs and anecdotes) |
| crêdô crêdere, crêdidî, crêditum + acc. or dat. | to believe, trust |
| iaceô, iacêre, iacuî | to lie; lie prostrate; lie dead |
| negô (1) | to deny, say that...not |
| nesciô, nescîre, nescîvî, nescîtum | not to know, be ignorant |
| nûntiô (1) | to announce, report, relate |
| patefaciô, -facere, -fêcî, -factum | to make open, open; disclose, expose |
| putô (1) | to reckon, suppose, judge, think, imagine |
| spêrô (1) | to hope for, hope (regularly + fut. inf. in ind. state) |
| suscipiô, -cipere, -cêpî, -ceptum (sub + capiô) | to undertake |
| cêna, -ae, f. | dinner |
| forum, -î, n. | marketplace, forum |
| lêx, lêgis, f. | law; statute |
| lîmen, lîminis, n. | threshold |
| lûx, lûcis, f. | light |
| mênsa, -ae, f. | table; dining; dish, course (mênsa secunda - dessert) |
| nox, noctis, f. | night |
| somnus, -î, m. | sleep |
| quîdam, quaedam, quiddam | (indef. pron.) a certain one or thing, someone, something |
| quoddam (gen. cuiusdam, dat. cuidam, etc.) | (indef. adj.) a certain, some |
| pudîcus, -a, -um | modest, chaste |
| superbus, -a, -um | arrogant, overbearing, haughty, proud |
| trîstis, trîste | sad, sorrowful; joyless, grim, severe |
| turpis, turpe | ugly; shameful, base, disgraceful |
| urbânus, -a, -um | of the city, urban; urbane, elegant |
| prae | (prep. +abl.) in front of, before |
| quam | (adv. and conj. after comparatives) than; (with superlatives) as...as possible |
| tantum | only |
| invîtô (1) | to entertain, invite, summon |
| dêlectâtiô, dêlectâtiônis, f. | delight, pleasure, enjoyment |
| nepôs, nepôtis, m. | grandson, descendant |
| sôl, sôlis, m. | sun |
| dîligêns, gen. dîligentis | diligent, careful |
| dissimilis, dissimile | unlike, different |
| gracilis, gracile | slender, thin |
| humilis, humile | lowly, humble |
| maior, maius | (comp. adj.) greater, older; maiôrês, maiôrum, m. pl., ancestors |
| prîmus, -a, -um | first, foremost, chief, principal |
| quot | (indecl. adj.) how many, as many as |
| similis, simile | (+ gen. or + dat.) similar (to), like, resembling |
| superus, -a, -um | above, upper; super, -ôrum, m. pl., the gods |
| ûtilis, ûtile | useful, advantageous |
| pônô, pônere, posuî, positum | to put, place, set |
| probô (1) | to approve, recommend; test |
| custôdia, custôdiae, f. | protection, custody; pl., guards |
| exercitus, exercitûs, m. | army |
| paupertâs, paupertâtis, f. | poverty, humble circumstances |
| dîves, gen. dîvitis or dîtis | rich, wealthy |
| pâr, gen. paris | + dat., equal, like |
| pauper, gen. pauperis | of small means, poor |
| dummodo | conj. + subjunct., provided that, so long as |
| mâlô, mâlle, mâluî | to want (something) more, instead; prefer |
| nôlô, nôlle, nôluî | to not ... wish, be unwilling |
| pateô, patêre, patuî | to be open, lie open; be accessible; be evident |
| praebeô, praebêre, praebuî, praebitum | to offer, provide |
| prômittô, prômittere, prômîsî, prômissum | to send forth; promise |
| volô, velle, voluî | to wish, want, be willing, will |
| initium, -iî, n. | beginning, commencement |
| ops, opis, f. | help, aid; opês, opum, pl., power, resources, wealth |
| philosophus, -î,m., and philosopha, -ae, f. | philosopher |
| plêbs, plêbis, f. | the common people, populace, plebeians |
| sâl, salis, m. | salt; wit |
| speculum, -î, n. | mirror |
| quis, quid, after sî, nisi, nê, num | indef. pron., anyone, anything, someone, something |
| candidus, -a, -um | shining, bright, white; beautiful |
| merus, -a, -um | pure, undiluted |
| suâvis, suâve | sweet |
| -ve | conj. (suffixed to a word = aut before the word), or |
| heu | interj., ah!, alas! |
| subitô | adv., suddenly |
| recûsô (1) | to refuse |
| trâdô, -dere, -didî, -ditum (trâns + dô) | to give over, surrender, hand down, transmit, teach |
| anima, -ae, f. | soul, spirit |
| remissiô, remissiônis, f. | letting go, release; relaxation |
| vôx, vôcis, f. | voice, word |
| adversus, -a, -um | opposite, adverse |
| tâlis, tâle | such, of such a sort |
| vae | interj., (often + dat.), alas, woe to |
| arbitror, arbitrârî, arbitrâtus sum | to judge, think |
| cônor, cônârî, cônâtus sum | to try, attempt |
| crêscô, crêscere, crêvî, crêtum | to increase |
| êgredior, êgredî, êgressus sum | to go out |
| fateor, fatêrî, fassus sum | to confess, admit |
| hortor, hortârî, hortâtus sum | to encourage, urge |
| loquor, loquî, locûtus sum | to say, speak, tell |
| môlior, môlîrî, môlîtus sum | to work at, build, undertake, plan |
| morior, morî, mortuus sum, (fut. act. part.) moritûrus | to die |
| nâscor, nâscî, nâtus sum | to be born; spring forth, arise |
| patior, patî, passus sum | to suffer, endure; permit |
| proficîscor, -ficîscî, -fectus sum | to set out, start |
| rûsticor, rûsticârî, rûsticâtus sum | to live in the country |
| sedeô, sedêre, sêdî, sessum | to sit |
| sequor, sequî, secûtus sum | to follow |
| spectô (1) | to look at, see |
| ûtor, ûtî, ûsus sum + abl. | to use; enjoy, experience |
| aestâs, aestâtis, f. | summer |
| iânua, -ae, f. | door |
| pectus, pectoris, n. | breast, heart |
| praemium, -iî, n. | reward, prize |
| îrâtus, -a, um | angry |
| antepônô, -pônere, -posuî, -positum | to put before, prefer |
| foveô, fovêre, fôvî, fôtum | to comfort, nurture, cherish |
| ignôscô, -nôscere, -nôvî, -nôtum | (+ dat.) to grant pardon to, forgive |
| imperô (1) | (+ dat.) to give orders to, command |
| mîror, mîrârî, mîrâtus sum | to marvel at, admire, wonder |
| noceô, nocêre, nocuî, nocitum | (+ dat.) to do harm to, harm, injure |
| nûbô, nûbere, nûpsî, nûptum | to cover, veil; (+ dat.) to be married to, marry (of a bride) |
| parcô, parcere, pepercî, parsûrum | (+ dat.) to be lenient to, spare |
| pâreô, pârêre, pâruî | (+ dat.) to be obedient to, obey |
| persuâdeô, -suâdêre, -suâsî, -suâsum | (+ dat.) to succeed in urging, persuade, convince |
| placeô, placêre, placuî, placitum | (+ dat.) to be pleasing to, please |
| sapiô, sapere, sapîvî | to have good taste; have good sense, be wise |
| serviô, servîre, servîvî, servîtum | (+ dat.) to be a slave to, serve |
| studeô, studêre, studuî | (+ dat.) to direct one's zeal to, be eager for, study |
| subrîdeô, -rîdêre, -rîsî, -rîsum | to smile (down) upon |
| cupîdô, cupîdinis, f. | desire, passion |
| lêctor, lêctôris, m., and lêctrîx, lêctrîcis, f. | reader |
| vinculum, -î, n. | bond, chain, fetter |
| côtîdiê | daily, every day |
| fortasse | perhaps |
| accêdô, accêdere, accessî, accessum (ad + cêdô) | to come (to), approach |
| carpô, carpere, carpsî, carptum | to harvest, pluck; seazze |
| côgô, côgere, coêgî, coâctum (cum + agô) | to drive or bring together, force, compel |
| contemnô, contemnere, contempsî, contemptum | to despise, scorn |
| contundô, conundere, contudî, contûsum | to beat, crush, bruise, destroy |
| cûrô (1) | to care for, attend to; heal, cure; take care |
| dêcernô, dêcernere, dêcrêvî, dêcrêtum | to decide, settle, decree |
| exigô, exigere, exêgî, exâctum (ex + agô) | to drive out force out, exact; drive through, complete, perfect |
| fîô, fierî,factus sum | to occur, happen; become; be made, be done |
| oblectô (1) | to please, amuse, delight; pass time pleasantly |
| ôrô (1) | to speak, plead; beg, beseech, entreat, pray |
| recreô (1) (re + creô) | to restore, revive; refresh, cheer |
| requîrô, requîrere, requîsîvî, requîsîtum (re+ quaerô) | to seek, ask for; miss, need, require |
| serênô (1) | to make clear, brighten; cheer up, soothe |
| Athênae, -ârum, f. pl. | Athens |
| domus, domûs (domî), f. | house, home |
| humus, humî, f. | ground, earth; soil |
| iter, itineris, n. | journey; route, road |
| rûs, rûris, n. | the country, countryside |
| Syrâcûsae, -ârum, f. pl. | Syracuse |
| absêns, gen. absentis | absent, away |
| grâtus, -a, -um | pleasing, agreeable; grateful |
| idôneus, -a, -um | suitable, fit, appropriate |
| immôtus, -a, -um | unmoved; unchanged; unrelenting |
| forîs | out of doors, outside |
| eô, îre, iî, itum | to go |
| abeô, abîre, abiî, abitum | to go away, depart, leave |
| adeô, adîre, adiî, aditum | to go to, approach |
| exeô, exîre, exiî, exitum | to go out, exit |
| ineô, inîre, iniî, initum | to go in, enter; enter into, begin |
| obeô, obîre, obiî, obitum | to go up against, meet; die |
| pereô, perîre, periî, peritum | to pass away, be destroyed |
| redeô, redîre, rediî, reditum | to go back, return |
| interficiô, interficere, interfêcî, interfectum | to kill, murder |
| licet, licêre, licuit, (impers., +dat. + infin.) | it is permitted (to someone to do something), one may |
| peregrînor, peregrînârî, peregrînâtus sum | to travel abroad, wander |
| requiêscô, requiêscere, requiêvî, requiêtum | to rest |
| soleô, solêre, solitus sum | to be accustomed |
| arbor, arboris, f. | tree |
| dignitâs, dignitâtis, f. | merit, prestige, dignity |
| dolor, dolôris, m. | pain, grief |
| odium, -iî, n. | hatred |
| opus, operis, n. | a work, task; deed, accomplishment |
| ôrâtiô, ôrâtiônis, f. | speech |
| pês, pedis, m. | lower leg, foot |
| sator, satôris, m. | sower, planter; begetter, father; founder |
| fîrmus, -a, -um | firm, strong; reliable |
| înfîrmus, -a, -um | not strong, weak, feeble |
| mîrâbilis, mîrâbile | amazing, wondrous, remarkable |
| prîstinus, -a, -um | ancient; former, previous |
| sublîmis, sublîme | elevated, lofty; heroic, noble |
| etsî | even if, although (conj. with ind. or subj. according to rules for sî) |
| ergâ | [prep. + acc.] toward |
| libenter | adv., with pleasure, gladly |
| impediô, -pedîre, -pedîvî, -pedîtum | to impede, hinder, prevent |
| metuô, metuere, metuî | [+ dat.] to fear, dread; be afraid for |
| queror, querî, questus sum | to complain, lament |
| recognôscô, -nôscere, -nôvî, -nitum | to recognize, recollect |
| suspendô, suspendere, -pendî, pênsum | to hang up, suspend; interrupt |
| vêndô, vêndere, vêndidî, vênditum | to sell |
| aedificium, -iî, n. | building, structure |
| iniûria, -ae, f. | injustice, injury, wrong |
| mulier, mulieris, f. | woman |
| trânsitus, -ûs, m. | passing over, transit; transition |
| ventus, î, m. | wind |
| cupidus, -a, -um | desirous, eager, fond; [+ gen.] desirous of, eager for |
| lîberâlis, lîberâle | of or relating to a free person; worthy of a free man, decent, liberal; generous |
| necesse | [adj. - indeclinable] necessary, inevitable |
| vetus, gen. veteris | old |
| quasi | [adv., or conj.] as if, as it were |
| ambulô (1) | to walk |
| experior, -perîrî, -pertus sum | to try, test; experience |
| lîbô (1) | to pour a libation of or on; pour ritually; sip; touch gently |
| oportet, oportêre, oportuit | (impers.) it is proper, right, necessary |
| oppugnô (1) | to fight against, attack, assault, assail |
| pernoctô (1) | to spend or occupy the night |
| trânseô, -îre, -iî, -itum | to go across, cross; pass over, ignore |
| aes, aeris, n. | bronze |
| dominus, -î, m. | master |
| domina, -ae, f. | mistress, lady |
| lacrima, -ae, f. | tear |
| mêta, -ae, f. | turning point, goal; limit, boundary |
| monumentum, î, n. | monument |
| nâsus, î, m. | nose |
| saxum, î, n. | rock, stone |
| vultus, -ûs, m. | countenance, face |
| iûstus, -a, -um | just, right |
| tot | [adj. - indeclinable] so many |
| praeter | [prep. + acc.] besides, except; beyond, past |
| nônne | [adv.] interrogative adverb which introduces questions expecting the answer "yes" |
| num | [adv.] (1) introduces direct questions which expect the answer "no"; (2) introduces indirect questions and means "whether" |
| omnînô | [adv.] wholly, entirely, altogether |
| postrêmum | [adv.] after all, finally; for the last time |
| quîn | [adv.] indeed, in fact |
| explicô (1) | unfold; explain; spread out, deploy |
| fatîgô (1) | to weary, tire out |
| for, fârî, fâtus sum | to speak |
| opînor, opînârî, opnâtus sum | to suppose |
| reperiô, reperîre, repperî, repertum | to find, discover; learn; get |
| vereor, verêrî, veritus sum | to show reverence for, respect; be afraid of, fear |
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