| A | B |
|---|
| What is a Hormone | chemical secreted by endocrine glands which effect another cell or organ |
| What are the three types of hormones? | Steroid, Nonsteroid, prostaglandins |
| Where do hormones go? | To target cells receptor sites |
| What type of hormones are lipid based and why is that important to know? | Steroid hormones, they hook on to your DNA and are not water soluble...they stay in your cells for a long long time. |
| Name a steroid hormone. | Estrogen, Testosterone, Cortisol |
| What type of hormone control shuts down the initial signal? | Negative Feedback |
| What type of hormone control amplifies the initial signal? | Positive Feedback |
| Which endocrine gland is known as the master hormone controller? | Pituitary gland (located between your eyes and between your ears) |
| Name one nonsteroid hormone and explain why it is a nonsteroid hormone. | Adrenaline. Needs to wash away so you can return to homeostasis. Reduced heart beat, digest food, etc. |
| If the pituitary gland is secreting to much GH (growth hormone) what two conditions can occur? | Gigantism and acromegaly |
| What condition occurs if there is too little GH? | Hypopitiuitary dwarfism |
| Which part of the pituitary is most responsible for nervous control of the endocrine system...i.e. fight or flight sympathetic nervous system. | Posterior pituitary |
| Which part of the pituitary secretes most of the hormones | Anaterior pituitary (front side) |
| GH / growth hormone | Stimulates Mitosis |
| Prolactin | Mild production after birth |
| TSH/ thyroid stimulating hormone | Stimulates production of T3 & T4 in the thyroid to regulate metabolism |
| LH/ Lutenizing hormone | releases egg and regulates testosterone (both men and women use it) |
| FSH/ Flooicle stimulating hormone | Stimulates gonads to produce sex cells in both men and women. (gonads are ovaries and testes) |
| Oxytocin | contracts uterus and stimulates milk ejection |
| ADH/ antidiuretic hormone | Inhibits urine production. increases blood pressure |
| Thyroid gland | Releases T3 and T4 to regulate metabolism and Calcitonin to put calcium in your bones |
| Parathyroid Gland | PTH/ parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclasts to release calcium from bone and cause kidneys and intestines to absorb more calcium into the blood stream |
| What are the two hormones of the posterior pituitary? | Oxytocin and ADH |
| A goiter is a sign that this organ lacks iodine | Thyroid |
| Where are your Adrenal Glands located? | On the kidney |
| What does the Adrenal Cortex secrete? | Glucocorticoids such as cortisol to increase the breakdown of organic compounds for energy and Aldosterone to regulate electrolytes |
| Where are sex hormones made for both men and women (not the gonads) | Adrenal Cortex |
| The adrenal Medulla is responsible for these two sympathetic nervous system hormones | Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Pancreatic islets cells are made up of these two cell types (their are actually 3 but we learn 2 of them) | Alpha and beta cells |
| Alpha cells make | Glucagon which puts sugar in the blood |
| Beta cells make | Insulin which lets sugar into cells |
| Lack of Glucagon causes the condition | Hypoglycemia |
| Lack of Insulin or an inability for the insulin to funcition is called | Diabetes |
| Type 1 Diabetes | Autoimmune disorder of the under 40 and child category |
| Type 2 Diabetes | Disorder found in the morbidly obese or those who eat too many carbohydrates |
| What type of Diabetes is somewhat correctable? | Type 2 Diabetes with diet and possibly exercise / weight loss. |
| Name two antagonistic hormones | Insulin: Glucagon or Calcitonin: PTH |
| What does the Pineal Gland do? | Releases melatonin which puts you to sleep |
| What does melanin do with its carotinoids? | Adds color to your cells (hair, eye, skin) |
| What does the thymus do? | Develops white blood cells called T-cells. |
| What gland sits on the heart muscle? | Thymus |
| The thymus is unusual in that it | Is the only endocrine organ that gets smaller with age |
| What is the major hormone secreted by the ovaries? | Estrogen...also secreted in smaller amounts by the placenta and adrenal cortext |
| Hormone that creates the secondary sex characteristics on females? | Estorgen |
| The pregnancy maintaining hormone... | Progesterone (secreted by the corpus luteum and placenta |
| Creates secondary sex characteristics in men and required for sperm production | Testosterone |
| Other hormone producing tissues and organs | Small intestine, Kidneys, heart, stomach |
| Where is most of the mans testosterone produced? | Interstitial cells |
