| A | B |
|---|
| Reaction Rate | the speed at which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction |
| Collison Theory | in order for a chemical reaction/effective collision to occur, particles must collide with proper energy and proper alignment |
| Reaction Mechanism | the specific set of steps/reactions involved in an overall chemical reaction |
| Nature of Reactants | reactions involving ionic substances tend to ahve faster rates than reactions involving covalent substances |
| concentration | an increase in concentration of reactants will increase the rate of a chemical reaction |
| surface area | an increase in the surface area of reactants will increase the rate of a chemical reaction |
| pressure | an increase in pressure will increase the rate of a chemical reaction (only for reactions involving gases) |
| catalyst | substance that is neither a reactant nor a product, but functions to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy/providing a shorter or "alternate" pathway |
| Temperature | an increase in temperature will increase the rate of a chemical reaction |
| equilibrium | when 2 opposing processes are occurring at equal rates |
| physical edquilibrium | when 2 opposing physical processes are occurring at equal rates; ex: phase equilibrium, solution equilibrium (saturation) |
| Phase equilibrium | when the processes of freezing and melting or evaporating and condensing are occurring at equal rates |
| Solution Equilibrium | when the processes of dissoving and precipitating are occurring at equal reates; when a solution has reached its saturation point |
| chemical euilibruium | in a chemical reaction, when the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at equal rates |
| Le Chatelier's Principle | predicts that when a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift to relieve the stress (stresses include temperature, pressure concentration) |
| Enthalpy | heat energy absorbed or released during a chemical reaction |
| Entropy | a measure of the randomness or chaos associated with a chemical reaction |
| potential energy diagrams | used to illustrate the energy lost or gained (reaction pathway) for a given chemical reaction |
| endothermic reactions | chemical reactions that consume or require energy; chemical reactions in which energy is a reactant |
| Exothermic reactions | chemical reactions that produce or release energy; chemical reactions in which energy is a product |
| Activated Complex | an intermediate structure formed in the conversion of reactants to produts. The activated copmlex is the structure at the maximum energy point along the reaction path |
| activation energy | the minimum energy required to convert reactants into the products; the difference between the energies of the activated complex and the reactants |
