| A | B |
|---|
| Kinetic energy | Energy of motion |
| kinetic theory | Explains how all matter consists of tiny particles in constant motion |
| Elastic | A total exchange of energy |
| Gas pressure | Results from the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object |
| Vacuum | An empty space with no particles and no pressure |
| Atmospheric pressure | Results from the collisions of atoms and molecules in air with objects. |
| Barometer | Device used to measure atmospheric pressure |
| pascal | SI unit of pressure...but very small so usually uses kPa |
| standard atmosphere | pressure required to support 760mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25 degrees Celsius |
| Kelvin | Temperature scale in which zero is absolute zero |
| Average kinetic energy | Used when discussing the kinetic energy of a collection of particles in a substance |
| vaporization | Conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor |
| evaporation | Conversion of liquid to a gas at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling |
| vapor pressure | measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid |
| boiling point | temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid |
| normal boiling point | the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3kPa |
| Melting point | the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid |
| crystal | the particles are arranges in an orderly, 3D pattern called a lattice |
| unit cell | The smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal |
| allotrope | two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state |
| amorphous solid | this substance lacks an ordered internal structure |
| amorphous solid | Rubber, plastic, and asphalt are examples |
| glass | a transparent fusion product of inorganic substances that have cooled to a rigid state without crystallizing |
| Sublimation | The change of a substance from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid stage first |
| Phase diagram | gives the conditions of a temperature and pressure at which a substance exists as solid, liquid, and gas |
| Triple point | describes the only set of conditions at which all three phases can exist in equilibrium with one another |
