| A | B |
|---|
| active (voice) | the form of a verb for which the grammatical subject performs the action |
| adjective | a word (or phrase) modifying a noun or pronoun |
| adverb | a word (or phrase) modifying a word or word group which is NOT a noun or pronoun |
| antecedent (referent) | a word, phrase, clause, or sentence to which a following word refers |
| apposition | placing a word next to another, especially two nouns, to qualify or explain the first |
| article | any of the words "the," "a," or "an"; a sub-class of adjective |
| auxiliary verb | a "helper" verb used to form tenses, moods, & voices of other verbs |
| clause | a group of words containing a subject & a predicate |
| collective noun | a grammatically singular noun that denotes a number of individuals |
| common noun | a term denoting a class of objects or a concept, not a particular individual |
| comparative | (of adj. & adv.) expressing a higher degree or quantity, but not the highest |
| complement | a word or phrase used after a linking verb to complete the meaning |
| conditional | a clause or sentence expressing a condition on which something depends |
| conjugation | the variation of a verb form to show voice, mood, tense, number, & person |
| conjunction | a word used to connect clauses, phrases, or words |
| conjunctive adverb | an adverb that joins whole clauses to each other & indicates the nature of the connection |
| correlative conjunctions | conjunctions corresponding to each other and regularly used together (e.g. either ... or) |
| countable noun | a noun that forms a plural or be used with the indefinite article |
| declarative sentence | a sentence that takes the form of a simple statement |
| defining element (restrictive element) | a phrase/clause that identifies or is essential to the meaning of a term |
| definite article | a word ("the" in English") preceding a noun and implying a specific or known instance |
| degree | any of the three stages (positive, comparative, superlative) in the comparison of an adj. or adv. |
| demonstrative | (or an adjective or pronoun) indicating the person or thing referred to |
| dependent (subordinate) clause | a clause that does not constitute a sentence by itself but depends on a main clause |
| direct object | a (pro)noun etc. that receives the action of the predicate verb |
| direct speech | reporting of speech by repeating the exact words of the speaker |
| first person | pronouns & verbs used by a speaker to refer to himself or herself, individually or as part of a group |
| gerund | a noun formed from a verb, ending in -ing, & designating an action or state |
| imperative | the mood of a verb expressing a command |
| indefinite article | a word ("a" or "an" in English) preceding a noun & implying a lack of specificity |
| indefinite pronoun | a pronoun indicating a person, amount, etc. without being definite or particular (e.g. any, some) |
| independent (main) clause | a clause that is able to stand alone as a complete sentence |
| indirect object | the (pro)noun that tells to/for whom or what something is done |
| indirect speech | a description of a speaker's words, not a direct quotation |
| agreement | consistency in tense, number, or person between related parts of a sentence |
| dangling modifier | a modiftyng word or phrase that is not grammatically connected to the sentence |
| appositive | a word or phrase that identifies a preceding noun or pronoun |
| case | any of the inflected forms of a pronoun |
| inflection | the change in the form of a word to indicate number, person, case, tense, or degree |
| subject | the word(s) that acts, is described, or is acted upon in a sentence; what the sentence is about |
| verbal | a word formed from a verb but acting as another part of seech |
| voice | the verb form that shows if the subject is acting (active) or acted upon (passive) |
| verb | a word that expresses an action, state of being, or condition & tells what a subject is or does |
| transitive verb | a verb that takes an object |
| tense | a set of forms taken by a verb to indicate the time of the action |
| suffix | an element added to the end of a word to form a derivative |
| subordination | making one clause in a sentence dependent on another |
| sentence | a grammatical unit that includes a subject & a predicate & can stand alone as a complete thought |
| sentence fragment | a group of words lacking either a subject of a verb; an incomplete sentence |
| simple sentence | a sentence made up of only one clause |
| split infinitive | a construction in which a word is placed between "to" & the base verb |
| squinting modifier | a misplaced modifer that could connect to elements on either die, making meaning ambiguous |
| relative pronoun | a pronoun that relates back to an earlier noun & is used to introduce a clause |
| relative clause | a clause introduced by a relative pronoun |
| reflexive verb | a verb that has the same person as both subject and object |
| punctuation | a conventional system of signs used to indicate stops or divisions in a sentence & make meaning clearer |
| pronoun | a word that stands in for a noun |
| prefix | an element placed in front of a root form of a word to make a new word |
