| A | B |
|---|
| oasis | green area in a desert fed by underground water |
| sheikh | leader of an Arab tribe |
| caravan | group of traveling merchants and animals |
| Quran | holy book of Islam |
| Makkah /Mecca | holy city for Muslims, must be visited once in their life |
| Madinah | Muhammed and his followers left Makkah and came to this city so they could contine to follow the Islamic faith |
| bedouin | desert herders who lived in tents and traved from oasis to oasis rasising camels, goats, and sheep |
| Muhammed | prophet and founder of Islam, born in Makkah |
| caliph | important Muslim political and religious leader |
| shiite | Muslim group that accepts only the decendents of Muhammed's son-in-law Ali as rightful rulers of Muslims |
| sunni | Muslim group that accepts descendants of the Umayyads as rightful rulers of Muslims |
| sultan | military and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country |
| mosque | Muslim house of worship |
| bazaar | market place |
| minaret | tower of a mosque from which the crier calls believers to prayer five times a day |
| crier | announcer who calls Muslims believers to prayer five times a day |
| Five Pillars of Islam | acts of worship that all Muslims are expected to fulfill |
| Umayyad | the caliph dynasty who ruled from 661 A.D. - 750 A.D. |
| Rightly Guided Caliphs | The first four caliphs who ruled from Madinah after Muhammad died |
| Abbaids | The dynasty that gained power after the Umayyads dynasty ended in 750 A.D. |
| Baghdad | Capital of the Abbasids dynasty |
| arabic number | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0 |
| Math and Scientific creations | algebra, chemistry, roundness of the earth, circulation of blood, |
| Muslim writing and buildings | The Arabian Nights, Aladdin, Rubaiyat, mosques, Taj Mahal |
