| A | B |
| established | has gained full acceptance |
| scribes | people who copy manuscripts |
| obstacles | things that block a person's progress |
| penniless | he or she has no money |
| privileged | he or she enjoys an advantage |
| manuscripts | written documents |
| guilds | medieval associations of craftsmen |
| alloy | misture of two or more metals |
| tinkering | working in an unskilled way |
| honorable | marked by respect |