| A | B |
|---|
| Functional Assessment | Assessment of the client’s ability to perform activities of daily living. |
| Open Wounds | Injury to the body in which the skin is opened: can be a simple scrape to tearing open of the skin |
| Neurologic Assessment | Balance and gait, reflexes, coordination, and proprioception are examined. Nerves, pain, and tactile stimulation are assessed. |
| Tests Diagnosing Osteoporosis | Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS), Bone Mineral Density (BMD) |
| Arthroscopy | Use of fiber optic endoscope to examine the joint interior, to diagnose disease & to perform surgery |
| Tests Electrical Activity | Electromyogram (EMG) - neuromuscular disease, Somato (body) - Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) |
| Arthrocentesis | Withdrawal of fluid from a joint by needle aspiration |
| Heberdens Nodes | Characterized by small hard nodules usually in the interphalangeal joints |
| Phalen’s Test | Used for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome |
| Strain | Stretching injury to a muscle or a muscle-tendon unit |
| Sprain | Stretch and/or tear feeling a “pop” or tear of ligaments surrounding joint, loss of the ability to move or use the joint, discoloration, pain, rapid swelling |
| Dislocation | Occurs when one end of a bone, that is part of a joint, is forced, pulled or pushed out of normal position; resulting in pain, deformity, limited motion |
| Traction | The application of a pulling force to maintain bone alignment during fracture healing. |
| Casts | Used to immobilize fractures |
| External Fixation | Pins are placed through the bone above and below the fracture site to immobilize the bone. Rods hold the pins in place. |
| Internal Fixation | Fracture immobilization hardware is entirely within the body |
| Bivalving | The process of splitting the cast down both sides to alleviate pressure on or allow visualization of the extremity. |
| Inflammatory, Reparative, Remodeling | Three Phases of Fracture Healing |
| Compartment Syndrome | Entrapment of the blood vessels limits tissue perfusion, Results in edema within the compartment, Edema causes further pressure |
| Fat Embolism Syndrome | Bone fracture results in a rise of pressure in the bone marrow, fat globules enter the bloodstream; combine with platelets, travel throughout the body occluding small blood vessels, causes tissue ischemia |
| Bursitis | Inflammation of a bursa, shoulder, hip, leg, and elbow, warm, edematous, reddened area around joint, movement of joint is painful |
| Epicondylitis | Microvascular trauma, inflammation of tendon, point tenderness pain radiating down dorsal surface of forearm, history of repetitive use |
| Synovitis | Inflammation of synovial lining – common knee trauma |
| Osteomalacia | Adult rickets, characterized by inadequate/delayed mineralization of bone, results in softening of bones |
| Muscular Dystrophy | Group of inherited muscle diseases that cause progressive muscle degeneration and wasting |
| Closed Fracture | With bone break, surface of the skin is intact |
| Open Fracture | With bone break, surface of the skin is broken, usually by jagged edges of the bone end |
| Splinting | The process of immobilizing & stabilizing painful, swollen, deformed extremities |
| Closed Wounds | Internal injury in which the skin is not broken. Bruises are the majority – blood collects between soft tissues causing discoloration |
| Musculoskeletal Assessment | The nurse examines the client for specific mobility factors; body alignment mechanics, posture and joint range of motion, muscle strength and tone, and skin inspection. |
