| A | B |
|---|
| island | a body of land completely surrounded by water |
| peninsula | a body of land surrounded by water on three sides |
| harbor | a sheltered place along a coast |
| aqueduct | channel bringing water into the cities |
| Alps | Europe's highest mountain range-they separate Italy from the rest of Europe |
| Carthage | a city-state in Northern Africa |
| Plebeians | name given to working people of Rome |
| Patricians | upper class of Roman society |
| Forum | a gravel clearing which was the center of life in Rome |
| Republic | Roman state with elected officials |
| Empire | a group of lands and peoples ruled by one emperor |
| Pax Romana | Roman Peace-lasted about 200 years |
| Latin | language spoken and written by Romans |
| gladiators | warriors who fought to the death |
| Punic Wars | a series of battles that took place over the period of eight two years between Carthage and Rome |
| Battle of Zama | the battle that gave Rome control over Carthage's territory; Hannibal's last battle |
| Colosseum | Rome's most famous amphitheater where gladiators fought |
| Julius Caesar | born into a Patrician family in 100 B.C. he became one of the most powerful leaders of Rome |
| Augustus Caesar | Rome's first emperor |
| Hannibal | the great general of Carthage who led a surprise attack on Rome by crossing the Alps on elephants |
