| A | B |
|---|
| ideological interest group | Political organization that attracts members by appealing to their political convictions or principles. |
| incentive | Something of value one cannot get without joining an organization. |
| material incentive | Many things valued in monetary terms. |
| political cue | A signal telling a legislator what values are at stake in a vote, and how that issue fits with his or her own political views or party agenda. |
| purposive incentive | A benefit that comes from serving a cause or principle. |
| ratings | Assessment of a legislator’s voting record on issues important to an interest group. |
| social movement | A widely shared demand for change in some aspect of the social or political order. |
| solidary incentive | The sense of pleasure, status, or companionship experienced in small groups. |
| lobbying | trying to persuade governmental officials on a policy issue by communicating with them one on one privately. |
| grassroots lobbying | trying to persuade governmental officials on a policy issue by urging their members or the public to contact the governmental officials. |
| litigation | trying to change governmental policy by bringing the conflict to the courts. |
| electioneering | trying to persuade governmental officials on a policy issue by working to elect representative who support the interest groups position. |
| protests | trying to persuade governmental officials on a policy issue by causing public disturbances. |
| insider strategy | using lobbying and working with governmental officials to reach an interst groups' goals. |
| outsider strategy | using the public and group members to pressure governmental officials to reach an interst groups' goals. |
| pluralism | a theory of government which maintains that many groups are competing with and counterbalancing other groups. Therefore no one group dominates the government. |
| elitism | These theories of government maintain that a small group of powerful people control the government. |
| hyperpluralism | a theory of government which maintains that many groups that are competing with each other are so strong that our governmental leaders fear alienating them. Therefore few meaningful policies are adopted. |
| iron triangles | networks of people who are involved with and control the issues that the government seeks to control. The trianle is made up of congressional committe, executive departments, and interest groups. |
| potential group | all the people who might share a common interest on an issue. |
| actual group | Those who do join an interest group. |
| collective good | some value which cannot be witheld from all the members of a potential group. |
| free-rider problem | a problem for many groups. Why join the group if you reap the benefits with or without joining. |
| selective benefits | goods that a group can offer only to those who join the group. |
| single-issue groups | interest groups with a narrow focus (1 issue). |
| political action committees (PACs) | groups that raise and distribute money to candidates the group supports. Most interest groups have PACs associated with them. |
| union shop | a provision in some collective bargaining agreements requiring all employees to join the union. |
| right-to-work laws | some states have adopted laws forbidding requirements that all workers at a business join the union (union shop agreements) |
| public interest lobbies | interest groups which seek to improve a collective good which doesn't offer the group's members a selective benefit. |
