| A | B |
|---|
| Nicolaus Copernicus | Responsible for the HELIOCENTRIC model |
| Galileo Galilei | Made regular observations with TELESCOPES |
| Isaac Newton | Defined the universal law of GRAVITATION |
| Maria Winklemann | Most famous FEMALE ASTRONOMER |
| Francisc Bacon | Developed the SCIENTIFIC METHOD |
| Montesquieu | Outlined SEPARATION of POWERS |
| Voltaire | Christianity and defended DEISM |
| Denis Diderot | Wrote ENCYCLOPEDIA |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Wrote the SOCIAL CONTRACT |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | Founder of modern WOMEN'S RIGHTS MOVEMENT |
| John Wesley | Founder of METHODISM |
| Cesare Beccaria | Argued AGAINST CRUEL PUNISHMENTS |
| Frederick the Great | PRUSSIAN KING who understood ENLIGHTENMENT ideas |
| Catherine the Great | RULED RUSSIA and expanded south to the Black Sea |
| Maria Theresa | EMPRESS of the Austrian Empire who strengthened and centralized the government |
| Robert Walpole | Head of the BRITISH cabinet who pursued a peaceful foreign policy |
| Antoine Watteau | Rococo PAINTER |
| George Frideric Handel | BAROQUE composer who wrote the Messiah |
| Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | CLASSICAL composer who wrote many OPERAS |
| Henry Fielding | British WRITER |
| geocentric | model of the universe that places the EARTH in the middle of it (instead of the sun) |
| confederation | One of the governments outlined by MONTESQUIEU |
| serfdom | social structure used by PRUSSIA |
| Treaty of Paris | Ended the SEVEN YEARS WAR |
| Enlightenment | Breakthroughs in astronomy, mathematics and chemistry |
| Rococo | art style |
| Descartes | Father of RATIONALISM |
| scientific method | FRANCIS BACON believed that people should learn about nature by using this |
| American Revolution | General George Cornwallis surrendered at YORKTOWN in 1781 |
| elliptical | Joahnnes Kepler proved that planets orbit this way |
| Stamp Act | TAX on newspapers, legal documents and other printed documents |
| Bill of Rights | First ten AMENDMENTS of the CONSTITUTION |
| Laissez-faire | "To let people do what they want" |
| Philosophe | means PHILOSOPHER, but they were writers, professors, journalists, economists and social reformers |
| How did religious leaders react to the heliocentric model of the universe? | Religious leaders were against the heliocentric model. They believed this idea went against the church. |
| What was the purpose of a salon? | **Check your notes** |
| What was enlightened absolutism? | **Check your notes** |
| What did Adam Smith write about in The Wealth of Nations? | **Check your notes** |
| How did Montesquieu's ideas influence the government of the US? | **Check your notes** |
