| A | B |
|---|
| Why do cells divide? | growth, repair, and bacterial reproduction |
| How does the cells know how to divide? | The DNA has the instructions for all of the cell`s activities |
| The three parts of the division of a cell | interphase:preperation, mitosis: cell divsion, cytokinesis: splitting |
| Interphase | cell doubles in size, DNA replicates, and organelles double in number |
| Mitosis: Prophase | DNA forms chromosomes, spindle forms, centrioles move toward opposite poles, nuclear membrane begins to disappear |
| Mitosis: Metaphase | Nucleus has disappeared completely, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
| Mitosis: Anaphase | Centromeres divide, chromatids seperate and move to opposite poles |
| Mitosis: Telophase | Nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes, chromosomes unwind, cytokinesis begins |
| Cytokinesis | Cytoplasm divides, one cell becomes 2 cells, same DNA, "clones" |
| What is the main purpose of mitosis? | growth and development, repiar, and bacterial reproduction |
| Mitosis is part of what cycle | the cell cycle |
| What type of cell undergoes mitosis? | somatic cells- aka body cells |
| How does a daughter cell compare to the parent cell after undergoing mitosis | identical to the parent |
| does mitosis make haploid or diploid cells | diploid cells |
| what type of cell undergoes meiosis? | reproductive sex cells |
| what are the two main types of gametes | egg and sperm |
| what are gametes used for | sexual reproduction |
| how does a daughter cell compare to the parent cell after undergoind meiosis? | different than the parent- half the number of chromosomes |
| What process in prophase 1 of meiosis makes every gamete different | crossing over- chromosomes are different |
| steps in meiosis | prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2 |
| Prophase 1 in meiosis | nuclear membrane breaks apart. Chromosomes condense and form homologous pairs |
| Metaphase 1 in meiosis | homologous chromosomes line up along the center of the cell, spindle fibers attach to each chromosome |
| Anaphase 1 in meiosis | Homologous chromosomes seperate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell |
| Telophase 1 in meiosis | Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, the cytoplasm divides forming two daughter cells |
| Prophase 2 in meiosis | Nuclear membrane breaks apart |
| Metaphase 2 in meiosis | Sister chromatids line up along the center of the cell |
| Anaphase 2 in meiosis | Sister chromatids of each chromosome begin to seperate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cells |
| Telophase 2 in meiosis | A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromatids and the cytoplasm divides |
| Sexual Reproduction | a type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing an offspring |
| Diploid cells | cells that have pairs of chromosomes |
| Homologous chromosomes | pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order |
| Haploid cells | cells that have only one chromosome from each pair |
| Meiosis | one diploid cell divides and makes four haploid sex cells |
| genetic variation | occurs in all organisms that reproduce sexually |
| selective breeding | process that involves breeding certain individuals within a population for the traits they have |
| Disadvantages of sexual reproduction | takes time and energy. Have to find a mate |
