| A | B |
| Marxism | political philosophy which focuses on class struggle and the goal of a classless society; believes workers are the basis for revolution |
| Mau Mau | Kenyan secret society formed to fight British rule |
| missionary | person who travels abroad to convert others to their religion |
| mixed economy | an economic system in which both the government and private enterprise play important roles in production, consumption, investment, and savings |
| monsoon | seasonal wind |
| mosque | Islamic place of prayer |
| nationalism | strong pride in one's country; desire for self-government |
| nationalist | a person striving for the independence of their country from foreign control |
| new imperialism | European countries competing for land in undeveloped regions of the world at the end of the 19th century |
| Nile River | world's longest river, in northeasern Africa |
| nirvana | the state of freeing oneself from worldly attachments; Buddhist concept |
| nomadic | moving from place to place for subsistence |
| opium | a powerfult and addictive drug that the British sold to Chinese during the late 19th century |
| Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) | international organization formed in 1961 to coordinate petroleum policites and economic aid among oil-producing nations |
| outsourcing | a company hires workers in another country for lower wages than they would have to pay workers from withing the company's home country |