| A | B |
|---|
| Fourteenth Amendment | an amendment to the US Constitution, ratified in 1868, that granted citizenship to the former slaves and forbade the states from denying anyone the 'equal protection of the law' |
| freedmen | the former slaves |
| Freedmen's Bureau | a federal government organization established in 1865 that helped the newly freed slaves after the Civil War |
| free state | a state that did not allow slavery |
| Georgia Act | legislation passed by Congress in 1896 that returned Georgia to military rule and required the state to ratify the Fifteenth Amendment |
| gerrymander | to draw up an election district in such a way that it benefits a certain group |
| governor | the head of the executive branch of the state government |
| grandfather clause | a clause inserted in the Georgia constitution in 1908 that stated only those men whose fathers or grandfathers had been eligible to vote in 1867 were eligible to vote; the clause disfranchised most of Georgia's African Americans |
| grand jury | a group of citizens who determine whether or not a person accused of a crime should be indicted and required to stand trial |
| headright system | a system of distributing land by which each white male as the 'head' of a family had the 'right' to receive up to 1,000acres |
| Holocaust | the name given to the systematic extermination of 6 million Jews and other 'undesirables' during WWII |
| horticulture | the science of cultivating plants and trees |
| infrastructure | basic facilities such as roads, bridges, and ports |
| injunction | a court order stating that something must or must not be done |
| integrate | to open something to members of all races and ethnic groups |
| Jim Crow Laws | laws passed in the South to establish 'separate but equal' facilities for whites and for blacks |
| juvenile | a citizen under the age of seventeen |
| Ku Klux Klan | a secret racist organization, formed in 1865, that worked to keep the freedmen from voting after the Civil War |
| Laissez- Faire | the doctrine that the government should not interfere in the private sector of the economy |
| lieutenant governor | an elected official who serves as a deputy to the governor |
| lynching | an illegal hanging, usually by a mob |
