| A | B |
|---|
| Chronic condition that produces redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels on the face | rosecea |
| Diffuse infection of connective tissue within the layers of skin | cellulitis |
| surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids | blepharoplasty |
| any skin growth (wart or callus) where there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin | keratosis |
| tissue death (necrosis) associated with a loss of circulation | gangrene |
| type of biopsy cytology performed using cells scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope | exfoliative |
| circumscribed elevation of skin containing fluid that is less than 0.5 cm (small blister) | vesicle |
| torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut wound | laceration |
| flat, persistent, dark red birthmark made of pigmented cells | port-wine stain |
| abnormal hairiness | hirsutism |
| atypical moles that may develop into skin cancer | dysplastic nevi |
| degree of burn involves blisters and damage to the epidermis and dermis | second |
| autoimmune disorder that causes abnormal tissue thickening usually starting on hands, feet, or face, and may spread to other body systems and become fatal | scleroderma |
| small pinpoint hemorrhages | petechiae |
| itching and is associated with most forms of dermatitis | pruitus |
| closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material | cyst |
| soft, raised, dark, reddish purple birthmark that is a benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels | strawberry hemangioma |
| ingrown toenail | onchocryptosis |
| any disorder of the pigmentation of the skin or hair | dyschromia |
| groove or crack-like sore of the skin | fissure |
| surgical procedure where excess skin is removed for the elimination of wrinkles | rhytidectomy |
| highly contagious bacterial skin infection (staphylococci and streptococci) | impetigo |
| surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction | liposuction |
| form of skin cancer spreads quickly to other body systems | squamous cell carcinoma |
| technique for the destruction of tissue by burning for therapeutic purposes | cauterization |
| cluster of boils | carbuncle |
| localized collection of pus within a circumscribed area associated with tissue destruction | abscess |
| inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to an abnormality in production of melanin | albinism |
| infestation with body lice | pediculosis corporis |
| large blister that is a circumscribed elevation of skin containing fluid that is more than 0.5 cm in diameter | bulla |
| replacement of damaged skin with tissue taken from a donor site on the pt's body | dermatoplasty |
| substance produces itching when released in response to allergens | histamine |
| removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing | debridement |
| autoimmune disorder that is characgterized bya a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk, and may involve other body systems | lupus erythematosus |
| large tender, swollen area caused by staphylococcal infection around hair follicles | furuncle |
| excessive sweating | hyperhidrosis |
| flaking or a dry patch of excess dead epidermal cells | scale |
| hives | urticaria |
| precancerous skin lesion caused by excessive exposure to the sun | actinic keratosis |
| purplish area caused by hemorrhaging within the skin (bruise) | ecchymosis |
| fungal skin disease affecting different areas of the body (ringworm, athlete's foot, jock itch) | tinea |
| partial or complete loss of hair (baldness) | alopecia |
| normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound | cicatrix |
| small knotlike swellings of granulation tissue, resulting from inflammation, injury, or infection | granuloma |
| ulcerated area caused by prolonged pressure that cuts off circulation to a body part (bedsore) | decubitus ulcer |
| injury that does not break the skin and is characterized by swelling, discolorization, and pain | contusion |
| fungal infection of the nail | onychomycosis |
| chronic skin inflammation characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabs, and possibly itching | eczema |
| injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away | abrasion |
| infestation with the itch mite | scabies |
| change in nails that indicates an iron deficiency anemia | koilonychia |
| oil gland | sebaceous gland |
| derma | cutaneous |
| fat | adipose |
| nail | unguis |
| sweat | perspiration |
| pustular eruptions in or near the sebaceous glands common during puberty and adolescence | acne vulgaris |
| lesion formed by buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle | comedo |
| without sweat | anhidrosis |
| excessive sweating | hyperhidrosis |
| heat rash | miliaria |
| total loss of hair on all of body | alopecia universalis |
| abnormal curving of the nail accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips | clubbing |
| mask of pregnancy | chloasma |
| discolored, flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter (freckle) | macule |
| small solid bump | nodule |
| plantar warts | verrucae |
| blister | vesicle |
| small elevation of the skin containing pus | pustule |
| excessively dry skin | xeroderma |
| cluster of furuncles (boils) | carbuncle |
| ringworm | tinea |
| normal scar | cicatrix |
| abnormally raised or thickened scar | keloid |
| cut into | incision |
| complete removal of a lesion or organ | excision |
| medication applied to a specific location on the skin | topical |
| application of medicine to unbroken skin so that it is absorbed continuously to produce a systemic effect | transdermal |
| light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation | laser |
| treatment of spider veins | sclerotherapy |
| Functions of the integumentary system: | 1) skin waterproofs the body and prevents fluid loss, 2)intact skin plays important roles in the immune system, 3)skin is the major receptor for the sense of touch, 4)skin helps the body synthesize (manufacture) vitamin D from the sun's ultraviolet light while screening out harmful ultraviolet radiation |
| Sebaceous glands (oil glands) | lubricate the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin |
| Sweat glands | help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat; also a small amt of metabolic waste is excreted thru the sweat glands |
| Hair | helps control the loss of body heat |
| Nails | protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger |
| derma and cutaneous | both used to describe the skin |
| 3 layers of the skin | epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer |
| Epithelial tissues | form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body |
| epidermis | outermost layer of the skin |
| Squamous epithelial tissue | forms the upper layer, consists of flat, scaly cells that are continuously sloughed off |
| squamous | scalelike |
| epidermis | does not contain any blood vessels or connective tissue and is dependent on lower layers for nourishment |
| Keratin | fibrous, water-repellent protein |
| melanocytes | produce and contain a dark brown to black pigment called melanin |
| melanin | the type and amt of melanin pigment determine the color of the skin and it also protects the skin against some of the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun |
| dermis (corium) | thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis; it contains connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, nerve fibers, plus hair follicles and sebaceous and sweat glands |
| tactile | pertaining to touch |
| perception | ability to recognize sensory stimulus |
| Collagen (glue) | tough, flexible, fibrous protein material; also found in bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments |
| Mast cells | respond to injury or infection by producing and releasing substances including heparin and histamine |
| Heparin | released in response to injury ; is an anticoagulant |
| Histamine | released in response to allergens; causes itching and increased mucus secretion |
| subcutaneous layer | connects the skin to the surface muscles; is made up of loose connective tissue and fatty adipose tissue |
| adipose | fat |
| Cellulite | nontechnical term for the subcutaneous deposit of fat, espceially in the thighs and buttocks |
| Lipocytes (fat cells) | predominantly in the subcutaneous layer where they manufacture and store large quantities of fat |
| Sebaceous glands | located in the dermis layer and are closely associated with hair follicles; secrete sebum which lubricates the skin; is slightly acidic so it discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin |
| Sweat glands | tiny, coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces; most numerous in the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, the forehead, and the armpits |
| sweat )perspiration) | is secreted by sweat glands and is made up of 99 percent water plus some salt and metabolic waste products; is a means of excreting excess water; it cools the body as the sweat evaporates into the air; body odor associated with sweat comes from the interaction of the perspiration with bacteria on the skin's surface |
| Hidrosis | production and excretion of sweat |
| Hair | rodlike structures composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin; the darkness of the hair is determined by the amt of melanin produced by the melanocytes that surround the core of the hair shaft |
| unguis (nail) | keratin plate covering the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger |
| Each nail consists of : | 1) nail body, 2)nail bed, 3)free edge, 4)cuticle, 5)lunula, 6)root |
| dermatologist | specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin |
| cosmetic surgeon (plastic surgeon) | specializes in the surgical restoration and reconstruction of body structures |
| Acne vulgaris | chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin in or near the sebaceous glands; is common during puberty and adolescence, but also occurs in adults |
| comedo | lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle |
| sebaceous cyst | cyst of a sebaceous gland that contains yellow, fatty material |
| cyst | closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material |
| Seborrhea | any of several common skin conditions where there is an overproduction of sebum |
| Seborrheic dermatitis | inflammation of the upper layers of the skin which results in scaling of the scalp known as dandruff |
| seborrheic keratosis | benign flesh-colored, brown, or black skin tumor; occur most often in the elderly |
| Anhidrosis | condition of lacking or being without sweat |
| Hyperhidrosis | condition of excessive sweating |
| Diaphoresis | profuse sweating |
| Miliaria (heat rash) (prickly heat) | inflammation caused by trapped sweat which produces a skin rash and itching |
| Hirsutism | abnormal hairiness |
| Alopecia (baldness) | partial or complete loss of hair |
| Alopecia areata | autoimmune disorder in which there are well-defined bald areas, usually on the scalp and face |
| Alopecia capitis totalis | uncommon condition characteried by the loss of all the hair on the scalp |
| Alopecia universalis | total loss of hair on all parts of the body |
| Female pattern baldness | condition where the hair thins in the fron and on the sides and sometimes on the crown; rarely leads to total hair loss |
| Male pattern baldness | common hair loss pattern in men with the hairline receding from the fron to the back until only a horseshoe-shaped area of hair remains in the back and on the temples |
| Clubbing | abnormal curving of the nails that is accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips; can be hereditary or can be caused by changes associated with oxygen deficiencies related to coronary or pulmonary disease |
| Koilonychia (spoon nail) | malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out; often indicative of iron-deficiency anemia |
| Onychia (onychitis) | inflammation of the matrix of the nail |
| Onychocryptosis | ingrown toenail |
| Onychomycosis | fungal infection of the nail; difficult to treat, may cause the nails to turn yellow, brown, or black and become thick or brittle |
| myc | fungus |
| Onychophagia | nail biting or nail eating |
| Paronychia | acute or chronic infection of the skin fold at the margin of a nail |
| subungual hematoma | usually caused by an injury; is a collection of blood trapped in the tissues under a nail; eventually the body resorbs this blood |
| Albinism | is an inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to an abnormality in production of melanin |
| Cholasma (melasma) (mask of pregnancy) | is a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots of the face; may occur during pregnancy andusually disappears after delivery |
| Dyschromia | any disorder of the pigmentation of the skin or hair |
| Melanosis | any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in different parts of the body |
| Vitiligo | condition where a loss of melanocytes results in whitish areas of skin bordered by normally pigmented areas; the unpigmented skin is extremely sensitive to sunburn |
| lesion | pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury; are described by their appearance, location, color, and size as measured in cm |
| contusion | injury that does not break the skin and is characterized by swelling, discoloration, and pain |
| crust | collection of dried serum and cellular debris |
| ecchymosis (bruise) | purplish area caused by hemmorrhaging within the skin |
| macule | discolored, flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter; freckles or flat moles are macules |
| Nevi (moles) | small dark skin growths that develop from melanocytes in the skin; normally are benign, however dysplastic nevi are atypical moles that may develop into skin cancer |
| nodule | small, solid bump (a cyst is a nodule) |
| papule | small, solid, raised skin lesion that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter (warts, insect bites, and skin tags are types of papules) |
| petechiae | small pinpoint hemorrhages (are smaller versions of ecchymoses) |
| plaque | solid, raised area of skin that is different from the area around it and greater than 0.5 cm in diameter |
| scale | flaking or dry patch made up of excess dead epidermal cells; some shedding of scales is normal; excessive shedding of scales is associated with skin disorders such as psoriasis |
| Verucae (warts) | skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus |
| wheal | smooth, slightly elevated swollen area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin and is usually accompanied by itching, (insect bite or hives) |
| abscess | localized collection of purulent exudate (pus) within a circumscribed area |
| purulent | producing or containing pus |
| circumscribed | contained within a limited area |
| bulla | large, circumscribed elevation of skin containing fluid that is more that 0.5 cm in diameter (large blister) |
| pustule | small, circumscribed elevation of the skin containing pus |
| vesicle | circumscribed elevation of skin containing fluid that is less than 0. cm in diameter |
| abrasion | an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away |
| fissure | groove or cracklike sore |
| laceration | torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut |
| puncture wound | deep hole made by a sharp object sucha as a nail; risk for infection is greater with this type of wound |
| ulcer | open sore or erosion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss and usually with inflammation |
| decubitus ulcer (pressure ulcer) (bedsore) | ulcerated area caused by prolonged pressure that cuts off circulation to a body part |
| port-wine stain | large, reddish purple discoloration of the face or neck; will not resolve without treatment |
| strawberry hemangioma | soft, raised birthmark; benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels; usually resolve without treamtnet by about age seven years old |
| Dermatitis | inflammation of the upper layers of skin |
| Contact dermatitis | localizeed allergic response caused by contact with an irritant or allergen |
| Dermatosis | general term used to denote any skin lesion |
| Eczema | an acute or chronic skin inflammation characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, cruests, scabs, and possibly itching; symptoms may occur alone or in combination |
| Erythema | any redness of the skin such as a nervous blush, inflammation, or mild sunburn |
| Lupus erythematosus (systemic lupus erythematosus) (LE) or (SLE) | autoimmune disorder that is characterized by a red,scaly rash on the face and upper trunk; can also involve other body systems |
| Lipedema | abnormal swelling due to the collection of fat and fluid under the skin usually between the calf and ankle |
| Pruritus (itching) | associated with most forms of dermatitis |
| Psoriasis | chronic autoimmune disorder of the skin characterized by red papules covered with silvery scales that occur predominantly on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, and buttocks |
| Purpura | condition characterized by hemorrhage into the skin that causes spontaneous bruising |
| Rosacea | chronic condition of unknown cause that produces redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels; usually occurs on the central area of the face and appears most often in people with a fair complexion |
| Sleroderma | an autoimmune disorder that causes abnormal tissue thickening usually starting on the hands, feet, or face; some forms of the disease spread to other body systems and can be fatal |
| Urticaria (hives) | skin condition characterized by localized areas of swelling accompanied by itching that is associated with an allergic reaction |
| Xeroderma | excessively dry skin |
| carbuncle | cluster of furuncles (boils) that result in extensive sloughing of skin and scar formation |
| Cellulitis | diffuse infection of connective tissue with severe inflammation within the layers of the skin |
| Diffuse | widespread |
| Furuncles (boils) | large tender, swollen, areas caused by staphylococcal infection around hair follicles |
| Gangrene | tissue necrosis (death) that is usually associated with a loss of circulation; is followed by bacterial invasion that causes putrefaction (decay that produces foul-smelling odors) |
| Impetigo | highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture |
| Anthrax | caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is a contagious disease of warm-blooded animals including humans; takes the form of cutaneous anthrax which causes black sores on the skin or inhalation anthrax, which causes severe respiratory symptoms |
| Tinea (ringworm) | fungal skin disease affecting different areas of the body |
| Tinea capitis | found on the scalps of children |
| Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) | found between the toes and on the feet |
| Tinea cruris (jock itch) | found in the genital area |
| Dermatomycosis (tinea versicolor) | fungal infection that causes white to light brown areas on the skin |
| infestation | dwelling of a parasite on external surface tissue; some parasites live temporarily on the skin; others lay eggs and reproduce there |
| Scabies | skin infection caused by an infestation with the itch mite |
| Pediculosis | infestation with lice |
| 3 types of lice | pediculosis capitis, pediculosis corporis, and pediculosis pubis |
| Pediculosis capitis | infestation with head lice |
| Pediculosis corporis | infestation with body lice |
| Pediculosis pubis | infestation with lice in the pubic hair and pubic region |
| callus | thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing |
| clavus (corn) | callus in the keratin layer of the skin covering the joints of the toes |
| cicatrix | normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound |
| Granulation tissue | normally forms during the healing of a wound to create what will become scar tissue |
| Granuloma | knotlike swellings of granulation tissue; may result from inflammation, injury or infection |
| keloid | abnormally raised or thickened scar that is usually smooth and shiny |
| keratosis | any skin growth such as a wart or a callus where there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin |
| lipoma | benign fatty deposit under the skin that causes a bump |
| papilloma | benigh epithelial tumor that projects from the surrounding surface |
| polyp | mushroomlike growh from the surface of amucous membrane; have many causes and are not necessarily malignant |
| Rhinophyna (bulbous nose) | hyperplasia (overgrowth) of the tissues of the nose; often associated with rosacea |
| Skin tags | small flesh-colored or light brown growths that hang from the body by fine stalks; are benigh and tend to enlarge with age |
| actinic keratosis | precancerous skin lesion caused by excessive exposure to the sun; are raised rough, dry, or scaly spots that are tan, brown, gray, or red |
| Basal cell carcinoma | malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis; found mainly on the face; is the most frequent and least harmful type of skin cancer; is slow growing and rarely spreads to other parts of the body; are smooth and raised and have a depression in the center; are pink and tend to bleed easily |
| epithelioma | benign or malignant tumor originating in the epidermis tha may occur on the skin or mucous membranes |
| Malignant melanoma | skin cancer derived from cells capable of forming melanin; can occur in the skin of any part of the body and may metastasize to the lungs, liver, and brain; lesions are usually asymmetrical, have irregular borders, have mixed colors (tan, brown, black, red, blue, and white), and are larger in diameter than a pencil eraser |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | begins as a malignant tumor of the squamous cells of the epithelium, but can quickly spread to other body systems; start as skin lesions that appear to be sores that will not heal or sores with a crusted, heaped-up look |
| Burn | an injury to body tissues caused by heat, flame, electricity, sun, chemicals, or radiation; severity of a burn is described according to the percentage of the total body skin surface affected (more than 15% is considered serious); is also described according to the depth or layers of skin involved |
| biopsy | removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or extablish a diagnosis |
| opsy | view of |
| incisional biopsy | a piece, but not all, of the tumor or lesion is removed |
| incision | to cut into |
| excisional biopsy | the entire tumor or lesion and a margin of surrounding tissue are removed |
| excision | the complete removal of a lesion or organ |
| needle biopsy | hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for examination |
| Exfoliative cytology | a biopsy technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope |
| topical application | put on the skin to treat the area it is applied to |
| Transdermal | applied to unbroken skin so that it is absorbed continuously to produce a systemic effect |
| trans | through or across |
| Sunscreen | blocks out the harmful ultraviolet B (UVB) rays is sometimes measured in terms of the strength of the sun protection factor (SPF) |
| First-degree burn (superficial burn or sunburn) | No blisters, superficial damage to the epidermis |
| Second-degree burn (partial-thickness burn) | Blisters, superficial damage to the epidermis |
| Third-degree burn (full-thickness burn) | Damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers |
| Cauterization | destructionof tissue by burning for therapeutic purposes; used in conjunction with curettage to remove and destroy basal cell tumors |
| curettage | removal of material from the surface by scraping |
| Chemical peel (chemabrasion | the use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scaring, fine wrinkling, and general keratoses |
| Cryosurgery | destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumors, thru the application of extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen |
| Debridement | removal of dirt, foreign objects,damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing |
| Dermabrasion | form of abrasion involving the use of revolving wire brushes or sandpaper |
| Incision and drainage (I&D) | involves incision (cutting open) of a lesion, such as an abscess, and draining the contents |
| Mohs' chemosurgery | use of a zinc chloride paste to remove recurrent tumors and scarlike basal cell carcinomas, with a minimum of normal tissue loss but complete removal of the tumor; as each layer is removed, it is examined microscopically, and the procedure continues til it is determined that the entire tumor has been removed |
| laser | acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; used to treat skin and many conditions affecting other body conditions; each type of laser derives its name from the substance (solid, liquid, or gas) withinthe laser tube; the wavelength and power of the beam are the keys to the laser's effect on tissue |
| Laser treatments: | 1) Rhinophyma, 2) Port-wine stain, 3) Tattoos, 4) some skin cancers, precancer of the lip, and warts that recur around nails and on the soles of feet |
| Blepharoplasty (lid lift) | surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids |
| Dermatoplasty (skin graft) | replacement of damaged skin with tissue taken from a donor site on the patient's body |
| Lipectomy | surgical removal of fat beneath the skin |
| Liposuction | surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction; also known as suction-assisted lipectomy |
| Rhytidectomy (facelift) | surgical removal of excess skin for the elimination of wrinkles |
| rhytid | wrinkle |
| Sclerotherapy | used in the treatment of spider veins (small veins that can be seen thru the skin), involves injecting a sclerosing solution (saline solution) into the vein being treated; the solution irritates the tissue, causes swelling, and eventually closes off the vein |
