| A | B |
|---|
| What are chromatids? | duplicate halves of a chromosome |
| What is a centromere? | protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome |
| How many pairs of chromosomes in your body? | 23 |
| How many autosomes do you have? | 44 |
| How many sex chromosomes do you have? | 2 |
| A karyotype describes what? | number of chormosomes in a body cell |
| A diploid cell is designated by what symbol? | 2n |
| How are chromosomes found in a diploid cell? | in pairs |
| What is contained in each chromosome of a diploid cell? | two homologues |
| How many chromosomes are in a human egg cell? | 23 chromosomes |
| How many chromosomes if the haploid number is 8? | 16 |
| What is the process by which bacteria reproduce? | binary fission |
| What is the sequence of the cell cycle? | G1, S, G2, M, C |
| What phase of the cell cycle has the chromosomes lined up along the equator of cell? | metaphase |
| How many chromosomes are present after mitosis and cytokenesis? | two new cells and 46 chromosomes |
| In what stage of the cell cycle do the centromeres divide? | anaphase |
| What is mitosis? | a process when a cell's nucleus divides |
| When does the separation of homologues occur? | meiosis I |
| What is the difference between anaphase of mitosis and meiosis I? | chromatids do not separate at the centromere in anaphase I |
| What happens when crossing-over takes place? | chromosomes exchange corresponding segments of DNA |
| What are the sex chromosomes called? | X and Y chromosomes |
| What is a mutation? | a change in a gene due to damage or incorrect copying |
| What is a pedigree? | a family record that indicates the occurance of a trait |
| What blood type would you have if you had an A allele and an O allele? | type A |
| Where does a characteristic occur if it is sex-linked? | most commonly in males |
| How many chromosomes does a person with Down's Syndrome have? | 47 |
| The sex of an offspring is determined by who? | the father |
| What does nondisjunction mean? | When a gamete receives too many or not enough copies of a chromosome |
| The genotype XX results in what? | a female |
| The genotype XY results in what? | a male |
| When traits do not appear according to expected ratios, what has occured? | crossing over |
| A diagram of patterns of inheritance is called what? | a pedigree |
| What is a carrier? | a person who is heterozygous for a recessive trait |
| Sex linked trait is only found on what chromosome? | X chromosome |
| What is the genetic disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21? | Down's Syndrome |
| What does heterozygous mean | having 2 different alleles |
| What does homozygous mean? | having the same alleles |
| What does genotype mean? | genes |
| What does phenotype mean? | physical traits |
| What does recessive mean? | when the traits are not shown |
| What does dominant mean? | when the traits are visible |
| Each cell formed during cell division contains what? | identical DNA |
| What would happen if chromosome number was not reduced before sexual reproduction? | Chromosomes doubled, too many after a few generations |
| Whe does crossing over occur? | during prophase I of meiosis |
| When meosis is completed, what do the resulting gametes carry? | new combinations of genes |
| What kind of trait is colorblindness? | a recessive, sex-linked trait |
| All male offspring recieve what from their father? | Y chromosome |
| When you analyze a karyotype, what can you learn? | can reveal abnormalities in chromosome number |
