| A | B |
|---|
| What is a myocardial Infarction | Heart Attack |
| What are the symptoms of a heart attack | Chest pain, upper body discomfort, shortness of breath, silent heart attacks have no pain, jaw pain, |
| Where is the thoracic cavity? | Chest |
| The heart has _____ chambers and _____ valves. | 4 and 4 |
| What type of tissue is the heart made of? | Cardiac Muscle Cells |
| Intercallated disks allow the heart cells | to send an action potential (nerve signal) from one cell to the next. |
| Which valves are the Semilunar valves? | Pulmonary and Aortic valves |
| Which are the Atrioventricular valves? | Tricuspid and Bicuspid |
| Which valve is known as the mitral vavle? | Bicuspid valve |
| Heart valves and vein flaps both keep the blood... | Moving in one dirrection |
| A heart valve that does not close properly causes this problem | A heart murmer |
| What makes the lub dub sound... | The closing of the AV and than semi-lunar valves |
| Where does the heart beat orrigionate? | SA node or pacemaker |
| Who resists the heart beat so that the ventricals can fill before they contract? | AV Node |
| From the AV node where does the signal travel? | Down the bundle of His to the Purkinji fibers |
| What are the two pericardiums of the heart? | Parietal and Visceral Pericardium |
| Angioplasty is a procedure that... | Opens occluded (cloged) blood vessels. |
| Arteries have _______ and Veins have _______. | Thick muscles....Thin muscles |
| What is the normal BP? | 120/80 |
| What is hypotension? | Below 110 mm HG low blood pressure |
| What is Hypertension | Above 140 mm HG high blood pressure. Dangerous if chronic (long term) |
| What is systol | Contraction |
| What is diastol | Relaxation |
| EKG/ ECG | Electro cardiogram |
| Heart ultrasound | sound immage of the heart |
| Stress Test | Measures with EKG how well your heart is performing in varous situations |
| How does blood clot? | Platelets and fibrin form clot, blood vessels spasm, coagulation of blood |
| What is a thrombus | Blood clot in an unbrocken blood vessel |
| What is an embolus | Moving blood clot |
| What is hemophelia? | Blood clotting disorder? |
| Who can recieve blood from type 0- | Everyone. It is the universal donar |
| Who can recieve blood from everyone? | AB+ (Has all the blood markers/ antigens |
| Why must an Rh- mother be carefull? | If the baby is Rh+ she could form antibodies agaisnt it and kill the baby |
| Which type of blood cell begins the immune reaction? | Macrophage when it eats the pathogen and displays part of its antigen on the Class II MHC recptor |
| What do helper T cells do? | They check Macrophages and B cells Class II MHC receptors for antigen presentation. If they are the same they stimulate B cells to divide. They do not kill |
| What do B cells do once activated by helper T cells? | They form Memory cells and cells that make antibodies. |
| What do antibodies do? | Hold on to antigens so that other T-cells can destroy them. |
| What is a sphygmometer? | A blood pressure kit |
| What are red blood cells? | Erythrocytes |
| What part of red blood cells carry oxygen? | Hemoglobin with the help of iron atoms. |
| What do neutophils do? | Active phagocytes durring short term and acute reactions |
| What do esinophils do? | allergic reactions |
| What do lymphocytes do? | T-cells |
| What are the smallest vessels in the lymphatic system? | Lymphatic capillaries? |
| Where do lymphatic capillaries empty lymph into? | Lymphatic vessels |
| How does fluid enter the lymphatic system and not exit? | One way valves that guide the lymph to the heart. |
| What do Lymph vessels empty the lymph into? | Lymph nodes |
| Name two famous lymph nodes or almost lymph nodes? (depends on the source) | tonssils and adenoids |
| What is housed in the lymph nodes? | Lymphocytes: T-cells and B-cells |
| Why are lymphnodes most often found in joint areas? | Lymph nodes have no muscles they require your bodies muscles and joints to push lymph twords the heart. |
| What is lymph? | Any extracellular fluid that enters the lymphatic system. |
| What are the major cardiovascular jobs of the spleen? | Store blood and remove worn out red blood cells for the liver to turn into bile. |
| What is the major lymphatic job of the spleen? | House Lymphocytes |
| What are the 2 major parts of the immune system? | Specific and Nonspecific |
| What is non-specific immunity? | Protects agains a wide range of pathogens |
| What is a pathogen? | A disease causing agent. I.E. virus, fungus, bacteria, protista, etc. |
| What are the major nonspecific immunity types? | Species resistance: Mechanical: Chemical: Inflamation: Phagocytes: Interferrons |
| What are the major specific immunities? | IGA, IGG IGM |
| IGA | Found in Mothers Milk, respiratory and digestive problems |
| IGG | Against Bacterial and viral infections and toxins |
| IGM | Attracts T-cells and macrophages |
