| A | B |
|---|
| endocardium | smooth layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart |
| myocardium | thickest muscular middle layer of the heart |
| pericardium | double-layered membrane that covers the outside of the heart |
| atriums | upper chambers receive blood from body & lungs |
| ventricles | lower chambers pump blood to body & lungs |
| septum | separates the 2 sides of the heart |
| tricuspid valve | between the right atrium & ventricle |
| pulmonary valve | between the right ventricle & pulmonary arteries |
| mitral valve | between the left atrium & ventricle |
| aortic valve | between the left ventricle & aorta |
| SA node | natural pacemaker in the wall of the right atrium |
| arteries | thick walled, elastic, muscular vessels carry blood away from heart |
| vein | thin walled, slightly elastic vessels that return blood to the heart |
| capillaries | smallest vessels in the body allow the exchange of materials |
| plasma | liquid portion of the blood |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells, carry O2 & CO2 |
| hemoglobin | contained in red blood cells & needed to carry O2 & CO2 |
| leukocytes | white blood cells, fight infection |
| thrombocytes | platelets, responsible for clotting |
| neutrophils monocytes | leukocytes that phagocytize bacterial & foreign material |
| lymphocytes | leukocytes that provide immunity & develop antibodies |
| eosinophils | leukocytes that remove toxins & defend from allergic reactions |
| basophils | leukocytes that produce histamine |
| diastole | relaxing of the ventricles |
| systole | follows diastole, contracting of the ventricles |
| arrythmias | abnormal heart rhythms |
| anemia | too few red blood cells or hemoglobin |
| aneurysm | saclike formation on an artery wall |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of arterial walls |
| atherosclerosis | buildup of cholesterol & fatty materials on artery walls |
| congestive heart failure | CHF heart muscles do not beat adequately to supply body with blood |
| embolus | foreign substance circulating in the blood - can block vessel |
| hemophilia | lack of clotting protein |
| hypertension | consistently high blood pressure |
| leukemia | cancer in which white blood cells are produces excessively |
| myocardial infarction | heart attack |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein with a clot |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| varicose vein | dilated, swollen veins from faulty valves |
| lymph | clear fluid that fills spaces around the cells |
| lymph nodes | filter the lymph & produce lymphocytes |
| tonsils | lymphatic tissue that filters interstitial fluid |
| palatine tonsils | located on each side of the palate |
| pharyngeal tonsils | adenoids - located in the nasopharynx |
| lingual tonsils | located on the back of the tongue |
| thymus | lymph tissue in the center of chest that atrophies after puberty |
| adenitis | inflammation of the lymph nodes |
| hodgkin's | cancer that affects the lymph tissue |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils |
| filters the air | cilia & mucus |
| pharynx | upper throat - only passageway for food & air |
| trachea | windpipe |
| larynx | voice box |
| epiglottis | flap of skin prevents food from entering the trachea |
| alveoli | air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where O2 & CO2 exchange with capillaries |
| surfactant | fatty substance that keeps alveoli open |
| external respiration | exchange of O2 & CO2 between lungs & blood |
| internal respiration | exchange of O2 & CO2 between blood & tissue cells |
| cellular respiration | cells use of O2 & nutrients to produce energy, water & CO2 |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the sinuses |
| pneumonia | infection of fluid accumulation in the alveoli |
| tuberculosis TB | chronic bacterial infection of the lungs |
| emphysema | alveoli harden & lose ability to expand/contract usually due to smoking |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura membranes |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes |
