| A | B |
|---|
| ratification | vote of approval |
| Bill of Rights | the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution |
| cabinet | a group of advisers to the President |
| unconstitutional | a law that defies what is written in the constitution |
| national debt | the total amount a government owes |
| excise tax | tax placed on goods made, sold, and used within a country |
| tariff | tax on imported goods |
| tribute | payment for protection |
| neutral | choosing not to take sides |
| impress | act of forcing men to serve military duty |
| Federalist | political party who supported: the Constituion and a strong national government in the late 1700s, northern cities and manufacturing, Pro British, a national bank, and tariffs |
| Democratic-Republicans | political party who believed in: self-government and the sharing of power between all people, farming, Pro French, state banks, and free trade |
| political party | a group of people who share the same viewpoints on governmental issues |
| loose construction | to increase the power of the national government based on the Constitution |
| strict construction | to limit the power of the national government only to what is stated in the Constitution |
| caucus | a closed, political meeting |
| XYZ Affair | an event in 1797 in which French representatives demanded bribes from American ambasadors |
| alien | foreigner living in the United States |
| deport | to send out of the country |
| sedition | to act or speak out against the government to cause unrest |
| nullify | to declare a law invalid |
| states' rights | the belief that an individual state may restrict the power of the national government |
| electoral college | represenatives of voters in each state who select the President and Vice President |
| Whiskey Rebellion | Farmers refused to pay a tax placed on the sell of whiskey, but the rebellion was put down by the governments militias and showed that the United States government was strong enough to handle large problems |
| Proclamation of Neutrality | A decision by George Washington to trade with both Great Britain and France and not help either side in their war efforts |
| Naturalization Act | Increased the time required to become a citizen from 5 years to 14 years |
| Alien Act | Gave the President the power to imprison or deport any foreigner |
| Alien Enemies Act | Allowed the United States government to arrest and deport all aliens who were citizens of foreign nations at war with the United States |
| Sedition Act | Made it a crime to speak or write critically about the President, Congress, laws, or Federal government |
| Kentucky ahd Virgina Resolutions of 1798 | Claimed that the Alien and Sedition acts were unconstitutional and that each state had the right to cancel a federal law |
| Convention of 1800 | The United States and France agree to peace terms |
| Jay Treaty | Signed in 1794, it settled the boundary between the United States and Canada, Great Britain agreed to leave the Northwest Territory, and settled trade and debt agreements between the the United States and Great Britain |
| George Washington | First President of the United States of America on April 30, 1789 |
| John Adams | First Vice President of the United States of America and then second President of the U.S.A. One of the leaders of the Federalist party |
| Thomas Jefferson | First Secretary of State, Vice President of John Adams, Third President of the U.S.A. One of the leaders of the Democratic-Republican party |
| Alexander Hamilton | First Secretary of Treasury, Created the Bank of the United States, Responsible for paying off all of the U.S. war debts. One of the leaders of the Federalist party |
| John Jay | First chief justice of the Supreme Court, negotiated the Jay Treaty with Great Britain |
| Thomas Pinckney | Negotiated the Pinckney treaty with Spain to open the port of New Orleans to American ships |
| John Fenno | editor and publisher of the Gazette, a paper that supported Federalist ideas |
| Philip Freneau | editor of the National Gazette, a paper that supported Democratic-Republican ideas |
| Aaron Burr | Vice President of Thomas Jefferson |
| Charles C. Pickney | One of the diplomats sent to negotiate peace with the French, which lead to the XYZ affair |
| Charles Maurice de Tallyrand | French foreign minister who tride to bribe the U.S. into negotiating a peace agreement |
| Abigail Adams | First President's wife to live in the White House |
| James Madison | Fourth President of the United States and one of the leaders of the Democratic-Republicans |
| Edmund Randolph | One of the diplomats sent to negotiate peace with the French, which lead to the XYZ affair |
| Napolean Bonaparte | Dictator of France who agreed to terms of peace with the U.S. |
| Pierre Charles L'Enfant | Archetict who designed the White House and the layout of Washington D.C. |
| District of Columbia | Capitol City of the United States of America |
| Northwest Territory | the region of the United States surrounded by the Ohio river to the south, the Mississippi river to west, and the Great Lakes to the north, where the British refused to leave after the Revolutionary war |
| Barbary Coast | pirates from these North African countries of Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli attacked American ships and forced them to pay tribute |
