| A | B |
|---|
| acerbus | bitter |
| aeger | ill |
| aequus | equal; fair |
| aeternus | everlasting |
| alienus | another's |
| amicus | friendly |
| amplus | ample; abundant; distinguished |
| antiquus | ancient |
| argenteus | silver |
| bonus | good |
| carus | dear |
| certus | certain; fixed |
| clarus | illustrious |
| contentus | satisfied |
| cunctus | all |
| dexter | right |
| dignus | worthy |
| dissolutus | remiss |
| domesticus | private |
| falsus | untrue; false |
| firmus | strong |
| funestus | deadly |
| furiosus | mad |
| gelidus | cold |
| honestus | respected; distinguished |
| imperitus or inperitus | inexperienced |
| impius | godless |
| importunus or inportunus | unsuitable; harsh |
| improbus or inprobus | wicked; shameful |
| impunitus or inpunitus | unpunished |
| infestus | hostile; dangerous |
| inimicus | hostile |
| intestinus | internal |
| iucundus | pleasant |
| iustus | just |
| liber | free |
| magnus | great |
| malus | bad |
| maximus | greatest |
| mortuus | dead |
| multus | much |
| necessarius | indispensable; relative; close friend |
| nefarius | wicked; unspeakably bad |
| nocturnus | at night |
| nouus | new |
| nudus | naked; bare |
| nullus | none; not any |
| obscurus | unknown |
| offensus | odious; hateful |
| optimus also optumus | best |
| otiosus | at leisure |
| paruus | small |
| paucus | few |
| paulus | little |
| perniciosus | destructive; dangerous |
| perpetuus | continuous |
| plurimus | most |
| praeclarus | distinguished; famous |
| primus | first |
| priuatus | private |
| proprius | one's own |
| proximus | nearest; next |
| publicus | public |
| quantus | how much |
| reliquus | remaining |
| sacer | sacred |
| sanctus | sacred; holy |
| sceleratus | wicked; criminal |
| singuli | separate; single |
| socius | ally |
| stultus | stupid |
| summus | highest |
| taeter | foul |
| tantus | so much |
| uerus | true; real |
| uicesimus | twentieth |
| uiuus | alive |
| ullus | anyone |
| uniuersus | whole |
| urbanus | of the city |
| acer | keen |
| atrox | savage |
| breuis | short |
| clemens | merciful |
| communis | shared |
| consularis | consular; ex-consul; man of consular rank |
| crudelis | cruel |
| diligens | careful |
| grauis | heavy |
| horribilis | terrible |
| immortalis or inmortalis | deathless |
| inanis | empty |
| incredibilis | unbelievable |
| lenis | gentle |
| minor | less |
| mollis | soft |
| Nouember or Nouembris | of November |
| omnis | all; every; every kind of |
| optimas also optumas | best; (in pl. subst.) the aristocratic party |
| particeps | sharing in |
| princeps | chief |
| prior | earlier |
| recens | recent; fresh |
| sagax | shrewd |
| similis | similar (to) |
| sodalis | companion |
| superior | higher; previous |
| uehemens | vigorous |
| uetus | old |
| uilis | cheap; worthless |
| utilis | useful |
| complures | very many |
| necesse | necessary |
| totus | all; whole |
| adeo | this far |
| adhuc | up to this point; yet |
| aliquando | at some point in time |
| aliquot | some; several |
| aperte | openly |
| certe | to be sure |
| confestim | immediately |
| cotidie | daily |
| crudeliter | cruelly |
| diligenter | carefully |
| diu | for a long time |
| diutius | longer |
| dudum | a short time ago (iam dudum = 'now for a while') |
| facile | easily |
| fortasse | perhaps |
| grauiter | heavily |
| iam | by this point in time |
| ita | so; thus |
| longe | at a distance |
| magis | more |
| mane | in the morning |
| maxime | very greatly |
| mediocriter | moderately; slightly |
| nimis | too much |
| nimium | too much |
| non | not |
| nondum | not yet |
| numquam | never |
| nunc | now |
| nuper | recently |
| obscure | darkly |
| paulisper | for a little while |
| penitus | deeply |
| persaepe | very often |
| plane | clearly; openly |
| postea | afterwards |
| potius | rather |
| pridem | long ago |
| pridie | on the day before |
| prope | near; nearly |
| quam (+ superl.) | 'as x as possible' |
| quam (rel.) | how; as |
| quamdiu | as long as |
| quare | for this reason |
| quondam | at one point in time |
| quotiens | how many times |
| quotienscumque | howsoever many times |
| recta | directly |
| regie | tyrannically |
| saepe | often |
| satis | enough |
| semper | always; ever |
| serius | later |
| sic | in this way |
| sicut | just as |
| simul | at once |
| solum | only |
| tam | solitude |
| tamquam | as though |
| tandem | at last |
| totiens | so many times |
| tum | then |
| tuto | in safety; safely |
| ubi | where |
| ubinam | where on earth |
| uere | truly |
| uero | in truth |
| uerum | but |
| uix | hardly |
| uixdum | hardly yet |
| umquam | ever |
| una | at the same time; together |
| undique | on all sides |
| usque | up to |
| contra | against |
| post | after |
| ut | as; that (etc.) |
| ante | before |
| ne..quidem | not even |
| quam (conj.) | than |
| ac | and |
| an | or; whether |
| at | but |
| atque | and |
| aut | or |
| dum | while |
| etiam | even; also |
| etiamsi (or etiam si) | although |
| ne | lest (etc.) |
| nec | nor |
| neque | nor |
| nisi | if not; unless; except |
| quamquam | although |
| que (i.e. -que) | and |
| quodsi | but if |
| quoniam | because; since |
| quoque | also |
| sed | but |
| si | if |
| sin | but if |
| tametsi | although |
| et | and |
| mehercule | by Hercules! |
| o | oh! |
| parens | parent |
| res | thing |
| amentia | madness |
| aqua | water |
| aquila | eagle |
| audacia | recklessness |
| causa | cause; reason; lawsuit |
| colonia | colony; settlement |
| conscientia | consciousness |
| contumelia | invective |
| copia | abundance; (in pl.) troops |
| corruptela | corruption |
| cura | anxiety; concern |
| curia | the Senate House |
| custodia | guard; (in pl.) sentinels |
| diligentia | care; thoroughness |
| disciplina | training; knowledge |
| fama | reputation; rumour |
| fortuna | fortune; fate |
| frequentia | a crowd |
| fuga | flight; exile |
| gloria | glory; fame |
| gratia | gratitude; influence |
| hora | hour; season |
| ignominia | disgrace |
| illecebra or inlecebra | allurement |
| inertia | inactivity; laziness |
| iniuria | wrong (in abl. 'wrongly') |
| inopia | need |
| insidiae | ambush; plot |
| inuidia | odium; unpopularity |
| laetitia | joy |
| memoria | memory; recollection |
| misericordia | pity |
| mora | delay |
| natura | nature |
| nequitia | worthlessness |
| nota | distinguishing mark; mark (of disgrace) |
| nuptiae | marriage |
| parricida | murderer |
| patientia | endurance |
| patria | fatherland |
| poena | penalty; punishment |
| porta | gate |
| praesentia | presence |
| querimonia | complaint |
| ruina | downfall; collapse |
| scientia | knowledge |
| sententia | opinion; vote |
| sentina | bilge-water |
| sica | dagger |
| tabula | public record (etc.) |
| tenebrae | darkness |
| terra | earth; land |
| uagina | scabbard; sheath |
| uigilia | watching |
| uita | life |
| usura | use; enjoyment |
| administer | helper |
| adulescentulus | very young man |
| animus | mind; feeling; attitude |
| annus | year |
| arma | weapons |
| auspicium | augury |
| auus | grandfather |
| bellum | war |
| caelum | sky; heaven |
| campus | field |
| castra | camp (military) |
| comitium | place of meeting |
| consilium | plan; counsel |
| consultum | decision; decree |
| detrimentum | harm |
| deus (pl. di) | god |
| exitium | destruction |
| exsilium or exilium | exile |
| falcarius | sickle- or scythe-maker |
| ferrum | iron |
| flagitium | wickedness; shameful deed |
| forum | forum (Forum Aurelium: small town in Etruria) |
| gaudium | joy |
| gladius | sword |
| humus | ground |
| imperium | supreme power or authority; empire |
| incendium | conflagration |
| iudicium | judgment; trial; sentence |
| latrocinium | highway robbery; villany |
| lectulum | bed |
| liberi | children |
| locus | place |
| malleolus | fire-dart |
| maritus | husband |
| modus | way; measure |
| morbus | illness; disease |
| murus | wall |
| naufragus | castaway |
| numerus | number |
| oculus | eye |
| odium | hatred |
| otium | leisure; peace |
| pacto | (in abl. only) way (lit. 'agreement') |
| parricidium | murder |
| periculum | danger |
| populus | people |
| praesidium | defence |
| sacrarium | shrine |
| seruus | slave |
| silentium | silence |
| somnus | sleep |
| studium | pursuit |
| stuprum | sexual immorality |
| subsellium | bench |
| supplicium | punishment |
| tectum | house |
| telum | weapon |
| templum | shrine |
| tribunus | lit. 'chief of a tribe' |
| uinculum | chain |
| uir | man |
| uitium | flaw; crime |
| adulescens | young man |
| altaria | altar |
| auctoritas | authority; power; leadership |
| auris | ear |
| caedes | slaughter; murder |
| calamitas | misfortune |
| carcer | prison |
| ciuis | citizen |
| ciuitas | state; country; constitution; citizenship |
| comes | companion |
| competitor | candidate |
| coniuratio | conspiracy |
| coniurator | conspirator |
| consensio | unanimity |
| consul | consul |
| corpus | body |
| cupiditas | desire |
| custos | guardian |
| declinatio | bend; turn away from |
| dedecus | disgrace |
| difficultas | hardship |
| direptio | pillaging; plundering |
| dolor | pain; grief |
| dux | leader |
| eques | equestrian |
| exsul | exile |
| facinus | crime |
| fauces | throat |
| fax | torch |
| febris | fever |
| finis | boundary |
| foedus | treaty; alliance |
| frigus | cold |
| frons | forehead |
| furor | madness |
| gens | race |
| gladiator | gladiator |
| homo | human being |
| hostis | enemy |
| immanitas or inmanitas | enormity |
| imperator | general |
| ius | right |
| labor | labour; hard work |
| latro | bandit; robber |
| laus | praise; fame; reputation |
| lex | law |
| lubido or libido | lust |
| lux | light |
| maturitas | full growth |
| mens | mind |
| moenia | city walls |
| moles | mass |
| mors | death |
| mos | custom; (in pl.) character |
| nex | slaughter |
| nox | night |
| omen | omen |
| orbis | world |
| ordo | rank; order (freq. of The Senate) |
| os | mouth; face |
| paries | wall (of a house) |
| pars | part |
| pater | father |
| pestis | plague |
| petitio | attack; request |
| plebs | the people |
| pontifex | high priest |
| posteritas | future generations |
| praetor | praetor |
| profectio | departure |
| pudor | sense of shame; modesty |
| quaestio | investigation |
| ratio | way; plan; account; reason |
| salus | safety; health; preservation |
| sanguis | blood |
| satelles | attendant |
| scelus | crime |
| seditio | insurrection; mutiny |
| semen | seed |
| sermo | talk; conversation |
| seueritas | strictness |
| societas | alliance |
| solitudo | solitude |
| stator | supporter |
| stirps | root |
| suspicio | mistrust |
| taciturnitas | silence |
| tempestas | storm |
| tempus | time |
| timor | fear |
| tribunal | judgment seat |
| turpitudo | disgrace |
| uastitas | devastation; desolation |
| uexatio | distress |
| uirtus | courage; excellence |
| uis | force |
| uiscus | internal organs |
| uoluntas | will; wish |
| uoluptas | pleasure |
| uox | voice |
| urbs | city (freq. 'Rome') |
| uxor | wife |
| sponte | free will |
| aduentus | arrival |
| aestus | heat; swell (of the sea) |
| aspectus or adspectus | sight |
| casus | chance; accident |
| coetus | meeting; assembly |
| conatus | attempt; effort |
| concursus | gathering |
| consulatus | consulship |
| discessus | departure |
| domus | house |
| impetus | attack; assault |
| interitus | death |
| iussus | order |
| manus | hand; an armed force |
| metus | fear |
| senatus | The Senate |
| sensus | feeling |
| spiritus | breath; air |
| status | state; position |
| tumultus | uproar |
| uoltus or uultus | face; looks |
| acies | line; edge |
| dies | day |
| pernicies | destruction; ruin |
| spes | hope; expectation |
| duo | two |
| unus | one |
| autem | on the other hand; but |
| deinde | from that point |
| denique | finally; at last |
| enim | for |
| etenim | and indeed (cf. καὶ γάρ) |
| igitur | therefore |
| immo | on the contrary |
| nam | for |
| ne (i.e. -ne) | (denotes question) |
| nonne | surely..? |
| quidem | to be sure |
| tamen | nevertheless |
| uidelicet | of course |
| utinam | 'would that' |
| num | surely not..?; whether |
| a | from; by |
| ab | from; by |
| abs | from; by |
| ad | to; towards |
| apud | at the house of |
| de | down from; concerning |
| ex | out of; from |
| extra | beyond; outside |
| in | into or in |
| inter | between; among |
| intra | within |
| ob | on account of |
| per | through |
| propter | on account of |
| sine | without |
| cum | with; when (etc.) |
| aliquis | someone |
| alius | other |
| ecquis | (is there anyone) who? |
| nemo | no one |
| nihil | nothing |
| quidam | certain (indefinite) |
| quisquam | anyone |
| quisque | each |
| quisquis | whoever |
| quot | how many |
| tot | so many |
| ceterus | the rest; other |
| Aurelius | Aurelian |
| Ianuarius | of January |
| Manlianus | of Manlius |
| Romanus | Roman |
| Ahala | C. Seruilius |
| Catilina | L. Sergius |
| Etruria | Etruscan country |
| Italia | from uitulus |
| Kalendae | the first day of every month |
| Laeca | Marcus |
| Roma | founded 753 B.C. |
| C. | Gaius |
| Flaccus | M. Fulvius |
| Fuluius | Flaccus |
| Gracchus | Tiberius or Gaius |
| L. | Lucius |
| Lepidus | Manius Aemelius |
| M. | Marcus |
| M'. | Manius |
| Maelius | Spurius |
| Manlius | Catiline's general |
| Marcellus | cos. 51 B.C. |
| Marius | conqueror of Jugurtha |
| Metellus | Quintus or Marcus |
| Opimius | cos. 121 B.C. |
| P. | Publius |
| Palatium | one of the Seven Hills |
| Praeneste | ancient city in Latium; now Palestrina |
| Q. | Quintus |
| Romulus | founder of Rome |
| Saturninus | L. Appuleius |
| Seruilius | Ahala or Glaucia |
| Sestius | tribune and friend of Cicero's |
| Sp. | Spurius |
| Ti. | Tiberius |
| Tullus | Lucius Volcatius (cos. 66 B.C.) |
| Valerius | Lucius |
| Scipio | put Ti. Gracchus to death 133 B.C. |
| Idus | the 13th or 15th day of the month |
| Iuppiter | son of Saturn |
| adflicto | to throw down |
| adgrego | to assemble |
| armo | to arm |
| asseruo or adseruo | to watch over |
| circumsto | to stand around; surround |
| clamo | to shout |
| cogito | to think; to devise |
| colloco or conloco | to set |
| comparo | to prepare |
| concito | to stir up |
| condemno | to condemn |
| confirmo | to strengthen; declare |
| conflo | to inflame |
| congrego | to collect into a flock; to herd |
| conseruo | to preserve |
| contamino | to stain; defile |
| conuoco | to summon; convene |
| corroboro | to strengthen |
| cumulo | to heap |
| delecto | to delight |
| demigro | to depart |
| desidero | to long for |
| designo | to mark out |
| dissimulo | to hide; conceal |
| do | to give |
| dubito | to hesitate; to doubt |
| effreno | to unbridle |
| existimo or existumo | to think |
| exsisto | to be; to come into existence |
| exspecto or expecto | to wait for; expect |
| exsulto or exulto | to revel; run riot |
| firmo | to strengthen |
| habito | to live |
| honesto | to adorn with honour; dignify |
| iacto | to throw |
| ignoro | to not know |
| illustro | to bring to light |
| illustro or inlustro | to bring to light |
| impero | to order |
| impetro | to obtain |
| increpo | to make a noise |
| infitior | to deny; disown |
| inflammo | to set on fire |
| initio | to initiate (admit to secret rituals) |
| inuito | to invite; ask |
| iudico | to judge |
| labefacto | to cause to totter |
| libero | to set free |
| macto | to punish |
| mando | to hand over; entrust |
| multo | to punish |
| muto | to change |
| nego | to deny; say that not |
| nomino | to call by name |
| noto | to mark; observe |
| obscuro | to hide; conceal |
| obsto | to oppose |
| occupo | to seize |
| ostento | to show |
| paro | to make ready; get together |
| placo | to reconcile; calm |
| postulo | to ask; demand |
| praedico 1 | to declare; proclaim |
| probo | to approve of |
| purgo | to purify |
| puto | to think; suppose |
| redundo | to overflow |
| releuo | to lighten |
| remoror | to keep waiting |
| repudio | to reject |
| reuoco | to call back |
| rogo | to ask |
| saluto | to greet |
| seruo | to preserve |
| sto | to stand |
| tempto or tento | to test; attack |
| trucido | to slay |
| uasto | to devastate; ruin |
| uexo | to distress |
| uigilo | to be watchful |
| uindico | to claim; avenge; punish |
| uito | to avoid |
| uoco | to summon; call |
| uolnero or uulnero | to wound |
| admiror | to wonder at |
| arbitror | to think |
| bacchor | to rave (like a Bacchant) |
| conor | to attempt |
| deprecor | to avert by prayer |
| detestor | to avert by prayer |
| hortor | to encourage; urge |
| insidior | to plot (against) |
| machinor | to contrive; devise |
| meditor | to contrive |
| obtempero or optempero | to obey |
| opinor | to think |
| periclitor | to risk; venture |
| praestolor | to wait for |
| speculor | to observe; examine |
| suspicor | to be suspicious |
| ueneror | to revere; worship |
| uersor | to be engaged in |
| abhorreo | to have no share in; to be contrary to |
| adhibeo | to employ; use |
| arceo | to ward off |
| careo | to lack |
| coerceo | to control; curb |
| commoueo | to move |
| contineo | to restrain |
| debeo | to owe |
| deleo | to wipe out |
| deuoueo | to consecrate |
| exerceo | to train |
| extorqueo | to wrest from |
| habeo | to have; hold |
| haereo | to cling to; stick |
| iaceo | to lie |
| immineo or inmineo | to threaten |
| impendeo or inpendeo | to hang over |
| iubeo | to order |
| moueo | to move |
| obsideo | to occupy; lay siege |
| pateo | to lie open; be exposed |
| permoueo | to move deeply |
| perterreo | to frighten throroughly |
| pertineo | to pertain to; concern |
| placeo | to please |
| remaneo | to remain behind |
| resideo | to remain behind |
| respondeo | to answer; reply |
| sileo | to be silent |
| studeo | to be keen on; to favour |
| suadeo | to advise |
| sustineo | to support |
| taceo | to be silent |
| teneo | to hold |
| timeo | to fear |
| ualeo | to be strong |
| uideo | to see |
| fateor | to confess; admit |
| polliceor | to promise |
| uereor | to fear |
| licet | it is permitted |
| oportet | it is necessary |
| audeo | to dare |
| adduco | to lead towards |
| adfero | to bring towards |
| adolesco | to grow up |
| agnosco | to recognise |
| ago | to do; lead; speak |
| alo | to feed; support |
| animaduerto | to notice; punish |
| assido or adsido | to sit down |
| attendo | to turn towards; pay attention |
| bibo | to drink |
| cedo | to yield; give way to |
| circumcludo | to hem in ; beset |
| colligo | to collect |
| committo | to commit; perpetrate |
| comprehendo | to arrest |
| comprimo | to crush |
| concedo | to withdraw; grant |
| concupisco | to desire |
| confero | to bring together |
| coniungo | to join together |
| conscribo | to enroll |
| constituo | to appoint |
| constringo | to bind; restrain |
| consulo | to consult |
| contingo | to happen |
| conuinco | to prove wrong; convict |
| corrigo | to improve |
| credo | to believe; (as ironic parenthesis) I suppose |
| cresco | to grow |
| decerno | to decide; decree |
| defendo | to defend |
| defigo | to drive in; fix |
| deligo | to choose |
| depono | to lay aside |
| derelinquo | to abandon |
| desino | to cease |
| desisto | to cease |
| dico | say |
| dimitto | to send away |
| discedo | to depart |
| discribo | to distribute |
| distribuo | to divide |
| duco | to lead |
| educo | to lead out |
| elabor | to slip away |
| eludo | to mock |
| erumpo | to burst forth |
| euerto | to overthrow |
| excido | to fall out of |
| excludo | to shut out |
| exstinguo or extinguo | to quench |
| fallo | to deceive |
| fero | to carry |
| frango | to break |
| hebesco | to grow blunt |
| includo | to enclose; confine |
| induco | to lead into |
| infero | to bring in |
| ingrauesco | to grow heavier |
| inscribo | to write on |
| intellego | to perceive; understand |
| intendo | to intend |
| intercedo | to intervene; come between |
| inuro | to burn in; brand |
| iungo | to join |
| metuo | to fear |
| mitto | to send |
| neglego | to neglect |
| occido | to kill; slay |
| omitto | to pass over |
| opprimo | to crush |
| pacisco | to agree upon |
| perdo | to destroy |
| perfero | to bring; endure |
| perfringo | to shatter |
| pergo | to go on |
| permitto | to entrust |
| pertimesco | to fear; dread |
| peto | to seek; attack |
| praedico 2 | to predict |
| praefero | to carry in front |
| praemitto | to send ahead |
| praetermitto | to make no mention of |
| quaeso | to beg |
| quiesco | to keep quiet |
| recognosco | to review |
| recondo | to bury in |
| refero | to bring back |
| relinquo | to leave behind |
| repello | to drive back |
| reprimo | to crush |
| secedo | to withdraw |
| secerno | to separate |
| seiungo | to separate |
| sino | to allow |
| soleo | to be accustomed to |
| statuo | to determine |
| tollo | to lift; take away |
| transfero | to carry across |
| uiuo | to live |
| abutor | to abuse |
| assequor or adsequor | to attain |
| loquor | to speak |
| nanciscor | to obtain |
| nascor | to be born |
| obliuiscor | to forget |
| perfruor | to enjoy to the full |
| proficiscor | to set out; depart |
| prosequor | to accompany |
| sequor | to follow |
| confido | to be confident that; trust |
| capio | to take |
| conficio | to destroy; weaken |
| conicio | to throw together; direct |
| conspicio | to look at |
| conuenio | to meet; it is agreed |
| effugio | to escape from |
| eicio | to expel |
| eripio | to take away |
| facio | to make or do |
| interficio | to put to death |
| pario | to produce; get |
| patefacio | to reveal |
| percipio | to perceive; observe |
| perspicio | to perceive; learn |
| proficio | to gain |
| profugio | to flee from |
| rapio | to seize |
| recipio | to receive |
| suscipio | to undertake |
| uacueficio | to make empty |
| egredior | to go out |
| emorior | to die |
| patior | to suffer; allow |
| audio | to hear |
| comperio | to ascertain |
| cupio | to desire |
| custodio | to guard |
| exaudio | to hear clearly |
| exhaurio | to drain out |
| interrogo | to question |
| inuenio | to find |
| irretio or inretio | to ensnare; trap |
| nescio | to not know |
| peruenio | to arrive at; reach |
| reperio | to find out |
| scio | to know |
| sentio | to think; feel |
| seruio | to be a slave to |
| uenio | to come |
| molior | to prepare; contrive |
| munio | to fortify; defend |
| abeo | to go away from |
| absum | to be away from |
| aio | to say |
| coepi | to begin |
| desum | to fail; be wanting to |
| duint | 'may they give' (archaic form of do) |
| eo | to go |
| exeo | to go out |
| fio | to become |
| ineo | to enter |
| inquam | to say |
| intersum | to be between |
| malo | to prefer |
| memini | to remember |
| obeo | to go towards; perform |
| odi | to hate |
| possum | to be able |
| praesum | to be present |
| praetereo | to pass over |
| uolo | to want |
