| A | B |
|---|
| Manchus | foreign nomadic people who invaded China in 1644 and started the Qing dynasty |
| Nurhaci | united the Manchu tribes into a force! |
| Ming dynasty | fell in 1644 when they asked the Manchus to come in and put down rebellions (straving people) |
| sinfication | Manchus accepted much Chinese ideas like bureaucracy, court ceremonies, and scholar-officials |
| Chongzhen | last Ming emperor -killed by Manchus |
| 2 % | amount of Manchu population in China so adopted many more Chinese ideas to pacify population |
| Confucian values | adopted by Manchus...kept scholars, examination system, education, and social value...sorry ladies! |
| Kangxi | Manchu emperor who was a great Confucian scholar |
| sons of heaven | Manchus claimed this and the mandate of heaven |
| peasants | kept them happy by lowering taxes, encourages better crops and new lands to be taken, lowering amount of conscripted work, and repairing public works projects |
| nails | aristocratic men grew these out to show status |
| compradors | import/ export specialists of China |
| corruption | happened to the civil service exam and later the Qing government-poor decisions |
| revenue | spend this own imperial families instread of areas of need like public works projects |
| Shangdong peninsula | flooded and killed thousands b/c Qing government didn't take care of public works needs! |
| British | unhappy with trade inbalance between themselves and China...bought silks and teas and China didn't really want much back from them |
| opium | British decided to import this from India to balance out trade with China...very addictive and proved too much for most |
| addicts | 1% of China became this b/c of opium |
| Lin Zexu | ethical bureaucrat who enforced edicts of emperor banning the sale of opium and got rid of opium European merchants were holding onto in their warehouses in China...led to a war |
| Opium Wars | 1839 and 50s -conflict between Qing china and British over sale of opium in China...British won b/c better ships (darn Zhenghe!) and imposed their commerical will on China...forced more ports like Hong Kong and Shanghai open |
| Hong Xiuquan | peasant who kept failing the civil service exam (at a time of tons of corruption) and then came across Christian ideas and started a new religious based rebellion in China that threatened the Qing government (1850s-64) |
| Taiping Rebellion | major rebellion in 1850s and 1860s that threatened the Qing government-killed around 20 million in violent struggle-only crushed with foreign aid |
| Taiping Rebellion | The rebel agenda included social reforms such as shared "property in common," equality for women, and the replacement of Confucianism, Buddhism and Chinese folk religion with their form of Christianity |
| Self-strengthening movement | response by Chinese bureaucrats to counter the West by encouraging Western investment in Railroads, factories, and they also modernized militaries...also response to Taiping Rebellion |
| Nanjing | capital of Taipings...had about 30 million under their direct rule |
| Boxer Rebellion | 1898-1901-against Qing who allowed so much foreign intervention into China...put down with help of foreigners again |
| Cixi | super conservative that inspite of the many rebellions refused to allow for ANY reforms in China. |
| Nian Rebellion | 1853-1868-another Chinese rebellion in east/ central China during Qing that took off while Qing were fighting Taipings...upset w/ famines and flooding...gained some member of Taiping after it fell...eventually Qing defeated them too |
| Puyi | last emperor of China -abdicated throne in 1912 (was a boy) due to poplar rebellions and the military refusing to cooperate to put them down |
| Sun Yat-sen | advocated for a republic in China |
