| A | B |
|---|
| Napoleon | His wars in Europe in the early 1800s led to the revolution for indepedence in the Americas |
| Toussaint L'Overture | Led the fight to abolish slavery in Haiti and later its indepedence in 1804 from France |
| juanta councils | groups who ruled in local areas of Spain or Spanish rule after the Spanish king was deposed by Napoleon |
| Miguel de Hidalgo | Father who was killed leading independence movement in Mexico in 1810 |
| Augustin de Iturbide | First Emperor of Mexico 1821-24 |
| Simon Bolivar | independence fight in the northern part of South America-Gran Colubmia |
| Jose de San Martin | independence figher in South America-Rio de la Plata |
| Dom Joao VI | King of Portugal who moved to Brazil when Napoleon took Portugal |
| Dom Pedro I | First emperor of Brazil-ruled as a constitutional monarch |
| 1824 | Year Mexico became a republic |
| 1822 | year Brazil became independent |
| Political Fragmentation | happened in the Americas after independence b/c poor roads, geographic barriers, etc |
| caudillos | military leaders who rose to political power across the Americas |
| centralist | believed that government should be big and powerful |
| federalist | wanted a government that allowed for more regional controls and a voice |
| conservatives | wanted to maintain traditional status quo and powers |
| liberals | advocated rights of individuals and wanted changes |
| Church | had much power in the states of Latin America |
| Monroe Doctrine | 1823 US-if any countries tries to recolonize = unfriendly act = war...backed by the British? |
| coffee | export of Brazil |
| guano | export of Peru |
| beef and hides | export of Argentina |
| minerals and grains | export of Chili |
| dependent | type of market of Latin America |
| Santa Anna | early caudillo leader of Mexico who lost a lot of it to the US |
| Mexican-American War | US annexed Texas and then fought for land westward (manifest destiny)! 1846-1848 |
| Texas | revolted against Mexico and became independent in 1836 |
| Guadalupe-Hidalgo | 1848 treaty that ended the Mexican-American War in which Mexico lost 1/2-1/3 of its lands to the US |
| Benito Juarez | Liberal reformer who became the president of Mexico from 1858-1872 |
| La Reforma | liberal ideas that swept Mexico and result in major changes such as the 1857 constitution |
| land reform | what led to the 1910 Mexican civil war which allowed conservatives with French aid to come to power |
| France | invaded Mexico and put there own emperor in charge there |
| Maximilian von Hasburg | emperor of Mexico 1862-1867 |
| Cinco de Mayo | or battle of Puebla-May 5 1862 where Mexico upsets France! France eventually makes her way into Mexico though |
| Porfirio Diaz | president of Mexico as of 1876-allowed much foreign intervention economically into Mexico and was a autocrat |
| Mexican Civil War | started in 1910 against Diaz...wanted electoral reform and help for poor and workers |
| Juan Manuel de Rosas | federalist who took power of Argentina and favored ranchers...despotic ruler overthrown in 1852 |
| Argentine Republic | created in 1862 |
| Domingo Sarmiento | Argentine president who introduced political and economic reforms that helped the country grow |
| Argentina | Latin American country that had lots of European immigrants |
| Buenos Aires | Paris of South America-b/c very European and had so much opportunity |
| Refrigerated ships | let to big economic boom for Argentine -beef |
| socialist party | formed in 1890s in Argentine largely due to their European immigrants...led to more reforms |
| 1912 | year in Argentine that men got univeral suffrage |
| Dom Pedro II | Brazil kicked out Dom Pedro I in 1831 |
| 1888 | year slavery was finally banned in Brazil...caused monarch to lose support of landed-gentry |
| 1889 | Brazil becomes a republic |
| fazendas | large coffee estates in brazil |
| Canudos | Antonio Conselheiro (religious mystic) in Brazil gained followers called this...government moved to destroy these fanatics |
| tabacco and sugar | exported from cuba |
| bananas and coffee | exports from central america |
| hennequen, copper, and silver | exports from mexico |
| Fertilizer Wars | war between chile, peru, and Bolivia over control of nitrates (guano an export) 1879-1883 |
| Panama Canal | built in 1914-US backed a Panamanian movement for independence for rights over canal |
| Spanish-American War | 1895-1898-US acquires Puerto Rico and Philippines |
| Cuba | 1868-78 fought for independence-only got when US helped in Spanish American War-then made Cuba into almost a dependency state |
