| A | B |
|---|
| Allergens | An antigen that evokes a hypersensitivity reaction. |
| Antibodies | A protein produced by plasma cells in response to a specific antigen; the antibody combines with that antigen to neutralize, inhibit, or destroy |
| Antibody - MEDIATED IMMUNITY | B cells become sensitized to an antigen and produce antibodies against that antigen |
| Antigen Processing | intracellular degradation of proteins into peptides that bind to MHC molecules for presentation to Tcells |
| Antigens | substances that are recognized by the immune system as foreign to the body and that induce it to produce antibodies to defend against them |
| CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY | an immune response in which killer T cells attack antigen-bearing cells directly |
| clonal selection | the mechanism by which the immune response gains specificity; an invading antigen elicits a response from only a few lymphocytes, which proliferate to form a clone of cells that attack only the specific antigen that stimulated their production. |
| Cytotoxic (Killer) T cell | lymphocyte that destroys microbes, body cells infected with viruses and mutated cells by puncturing cell membranes |
| Effector cells | One of the clone produced by the lyphocytes short-lived cells that combat the same antigen, function depends on whether lymphocytes are helper T cells, cytotoxic cells, or B cell. |
| Helper T cell | lymphocyte that activates cytotoxic T cells and stimulates B cells to produce antibodies |
| Immunity | The state of being resistant to injury, particularly by poisons, foreign proteins, and invading pathogens. |
| immunocompetence | appropriate response to stimulation by an antigen |
| Immunological memory | the process of secondary response due to memory B cells and Memory T cells |
| Lacteal | One of many lymphatic vessels in villi of the intestines that absorb triglycerides and other lipids from digested food. |
| Lymph nodes | An oval or bean-shaped structure located along lymphatic vessels. |
| Lymph | Fluid confined in lymphatic vessels and flowing through the lymphatic system until it is returned to the blood. |
| Lymphatic capillaries | Closed-ended microscopic lymphatic vessel that begins in spaces between cells and converges with other lymphatic capillaries to form lymphatic vessels. |
| Lymphatic tissue | A specialized form of reticular tissue that contains large numbers of lymphocytes. |
| Lysosomes | An organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a single membrane and containing powerful digestive enzymes. |
| Macrophages | Phagocytic cell; may be fixed or wandering. |
| Major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens | Surface proteins on white blood cells and other nucleated cells that are unique for each person (except for identical siblings); used as "self identity" markers |
| Memory cells | General term for lymphocytes that are responsible for the phenomenon of immunological memory and protective immunity. |
| Natural Killer Cells | A nonspecific defensive cell that attacks tumor cells and destroys infected body cells, especially those harboring viruses. |
| Phagocytosis | The process by which phagocytes ingest and destroy microbes, cell debris, and other foreign matter. |
| Plasma cells | transformed B cells that secrete antibodies |
| Spleen | Large mass of lymphatic tissue that functions in phagocytosis of ruptured blood cells and proliferation of B cells during immune responses. |
| Thymus | Organ located behind the sternum, in which T cells develop immunocompetence. |
