| A | B |
|---|
| Army of the Potomac | Name for the major Union force deployed near Washington, commanded by General McClellan during the Civil War. |
| Abraham Lincoln | 16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865) |
| annihilate | kill in large numbers |
| apocalypse | a prophetic revelation, especially one concerning the end of the world, a cosmic cataclysm in which God destroys the ruling powers of evil, noun. |
| Battle of Bull Run | First bloodshed of the Civil War, July 21, 1861. Va. (outside of D.C.) People watched battle. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson: Confederate general, held his ground and stood in battle like a "stone wall." |
| Bleeding Kansas | Missouri border ruffians crossed into the Kansas to vote against slavery (led by John Brown) |
| carnage | the savage and excessive killing of many people |
| celestial | of heaven or the spirit |
| Confederate States of America | the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861 |
| contending | striving or struggling in rivalry or battle |
| deftness | skillful performance or ability without difficulty |
| diminutive | very small |
| diphtheria | acute contagious infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae--throat and respiratory infection |
| Dred Scott | A black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin Territory. Backed by interested abolitionists, he sued for freedom |
| enmity | a state of deep-seated ill-will |
| Extreme Unction | The former name for the sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick, emphasizing the last anointing before death |
| General Robert E. Lee | Commander of Confederate Army. Great leader, Lincoln wanted him as the leader of the Union Army |
| General Ulysses S. Grant | The lead general of the Union Army. He was brave and bold. His daring attacks and recklessness lost him many men. |
| Henry David Thoreau | American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. He wrote down his beliefs in Walden. He started the movement of civil-disobedience when he refused to pay the poll-tax to support the Mexican War. |
| heretic | a person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Church |
| implacable | unable to be calmed down or made peaceful |
| induced | brought about or caused |
| John Brown | abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858) |
| malice | the quality of threatening evil |
| Nathaniel Hawthorne | United States writer of novels and short stories mostly on moral themes |
| betrayal of a trust | perfidy |
| precursor | an indication of the approach of something or someone |
| raiment | fine clothing |
| reconcile | bring into accord |
| relapse | a falling back into illness |
| respite | pause from doing work |
| stalk | stiff, threatening gait |
| thermonuclear | using nuclear weapons based on fusion as distinguished from fission |
| TNT | Trinitrotoluene, an explosive consisting of a yellow crystalline compound that is a flammable toxic derivative of toluene noun. |
| torrents | strong and fast-moving stream of water |
| transfigure | change completely the nature or appearance of |
| valorous | courageous, adjective |
| vanity | feelings of excessive pride |
| william Cullen Bryant | a puritan who wrote "Thanatopsis" at the age of 16, which was one of the first high quality poems produced in the US, he also edited the "NY Evening Post" |
