| A | B |
|---|
| sepal | modified leaf of the outermost ring of a flower; covers and protects the flower bud before it opens |
| petal | one of the modified leaves of the second ring of a flower (inside the sepals) |
| anther | long stalk at the top of a flower's stamen where meiosis produces spores that develop into pollen |
| embryo sac | female gametophyte in a flower containing seven haploid cells, one of which is an egg cell |
| style | narrow structure in a flower; has a sticky tip (the stigma) and leads to the ovary |
| stigma | sticky tip of the style in a flower carpel |
| pollination | process in which pollen grains released from anthers land on the stigma of a flower |
| pollen tube | structure that extends from a pollen grain and carries sperm to the female gametophyte |
| cotelydon | structure in a seed that functions in the storage and transfer of nutrients to the embryo |
| germination | process by which a plant embryo begins to grow |
| vegetative reproduction | method of asexual reproduction in plants |
| fibrous root | type of thin root that makes up a highly branched root system |
| taproot | large vertical plant root with many smaller branches |
| stem | structure of a plant that supports leaves and flowers |
| bud | undeveloped shoot of a plant |
| blade | main part of a leaf |
| petiole | stalk that connects a leaf to a plant stem |
| dermal tissue | outer covering or "skin" of a plant |
| vascular tissue | system of tube-shaped cells that branches throughout a plant and transports water, mineral nutrients, and organic molecules |
| xylem | vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to the shoots |
| ground tissue | tissue between the dermal tissue and vascular tissue of a non-woody plant that functions in photosynthesis, storage, and support |
| cortex | mass of cells forming the ground tissue of a plant's root; also found in ground tissue of stems |
| parenchyma | type of plant cell that has thin walls and typically a large central vacuole; functions in food storage, photosynthesis, and cellular respiration |
| collenchyma | type of plant cell with unevenly thickened cell walls that is grouped in strands or cylinders; provides support in the growing parts of a plant |
| sclerenchyma | cell with lignin-rich cell walls that is specialized for support in the mature part of a plant |
| meristem | structure that generates new dermal, vascular, and ground tissue in a plant |
| apical meristem | meristem located in the tip of a root or the bud of a plant shoot |
| primary growth | growth in plant length |
| root cap | thimble-like cone of cells at the tip of a plant root that protects the actively dividing cells of the apical meristem |
| secondary growth | growth in plant width |
| vascular cambium | cylinder of actively dividing cells located between the xylem and phloem of a plant |
| wood | secondary xylem that accumulates during the annual growing season of a plant |
| cork cambium | meristem that develops from parenchyma cells in the cortex and produces a tough outer layer of cork in the stem and root of a woody plant |
| bark | all plant tissues outside the vascular cambium; includes phloem, cork cambium, and cork |
