| A | B |
|---|
| three sister farming | beans/corn/squash |
| Incas | civilization in Peru |
| Aztecs | civilization in Mexico |
| middlemen | Muslims who took heavy tolls on goods travelling from the East to Europe |
| caravel | Portuguese-developed ship that could sail more closely into the wind |
| plantation | large-scale agriculture using slave labor |
| Treaty ofTordesillas | Spain secures claim to Columbus's discovery (Portugal gets some Asian and African lands and Brazil0 |
| encomienda | allowed the gov't to give Indians to colonists who promised to "Christianize" them |
| noche trist | "sad night" 1520 Aztecs attack Spaniards leading to retaliation |
| mestizos | people of mixed Indian and European heritage |
| Battle of Acoma | Spanish severed one foot from each survivor |
| Pope's Rebellion | 1680 Pueblo uprising- destroyed churches- killed 100s |
| Black Legend | false concept that Spaniards tortured, butchered, took gold, and left |
| Columbian Exhcnage | New world and old world products and ideas mix |
| Ferdinand of Aragon | wanted to unite the kingdom of Spain |
| Coronado | explored Arizona and New Mexico seeking gold |
| Pizzaro | crushed the Incas of Peru |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | Spanish missionary appalled by encomienda system |
| Cortes | 1519- Spanish who meets Aztecs |
| John Cabot | explored the northeastern coast of N. America |
| LaSalle | French- explored Mississippi River |
| Roanoke Island | N.C. site of mysteriously vanishing settlement |
| primogeniture | eldest son inherits the land |
| joint-stock company | similar to modern corporations- adventurers "pool" their capital |
| Jamestown, Va. | first permanent English settlement in N.America |
| Act of Toleration | 1649- guaranteed toleration to all Christians |
| Barbados Slave Code | gave complete control ot owners- denied rights to slaves |
| squatters | live on land without legal rights |
| Tuscarora War | N. Carolina- Indians were crushed and sold into slavery- many join the Iroquois |
| buffer state | Georgia (protects profitable Carolinas from Spaniards in Fla.) |
| Iroquois Confederacy | Mohawk/Oneida/Onondaga/Cayuga/Seneca- partner with British during Rev. War |
| Sir Francis Drake | seadog- captured many Spanish ships |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | organized Roanoke expedition |
| James I | King of England when Jamestown founded |
| John Smith | Took over in Jamestown- must work to get food |
| Powhatan | chief of Indians near Jamestown |
| Lord DeLaWarr | governor- meets Jamestown settlers as they're leaving- orders them back |
| Pocahantas | marries John Rolfe- intermediary between English and Indians |
| Lord Baltimore | founder of Maryland colony |
| James Ogelthorpe | founder of Georgia colony |
| Hiawatha | co-founder of Iroquois confeceracy |
| Puritans | wanted to remove Catholic rituals from English Christianiity |
| Separatists | Puritans who wanted to break with the Church of Englnad |
| Mayflower Compact | agreement to from a gov't and submit to the will of the majority |
| Massachusetts Bay Co. | brought their charter with them- prosperous |
| antinomianism | claim that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation |
| Fundamental Orders | constitution of Connecticut |
| Navigation Laws | colonies could only trade with England |
| salutary neglect | much-resented Navigation Laws were only weakly enforced |
| patroonships | Dutch feudal estates granted to promoters who settled 50 people |
| blue laws | laws prohibiting ungodly behavior |
| William Bradford | leader of the Pilgrims |
| John Winthrop | first governor of Mass. colony |
| Anne Hutchinson | dissenter banished from Mass. |
| Roger Williams | founder of Rhode Island |
| Metacom (King Philip) | forged a pan-Indian alliance |
| Charles II | King determined to "rein in" the colonies and manage them |
| Duke of York | granted land in New Amsterdam |
| William Penn | Quaker proprietor of Pennsylvania |
| Henry Hudson | English explorere of N.Y. and Hudson River |
| indentured servants | work 4-7 years for their masters in return for passage to America |
| headright system | 50 acres of land for master who paid passage of a servant |
| Bacon's Rebellion | Frontiersmen fed up with Indian attacks take the law into their own hands |
| jeremiad | fiery sermons scolding parishioners |
| middle passage | trip from Africa to New World |
| Leisler's Rebellion | animosity in New York between lordly landholders and aspiring merchants |
| William Berkeley | Va. governor overthrown in Bacon's Rebellion |
| Anthony Johnson | free Va. black who owned slaves |
| Paxton Boys | Scots-Irish armed march on Philadelphia protesting lenient policy on Indians |
| triangular trade | molasses-rum-slaves |
| Great Awakening | religious revival swept through colonies 1730s and 40s |
| old lights | orthodox clergymen |
| new lights | defended the Great Awakening |
| Poor Richard's Almanac | Ben Franklin's witty sayings |
| Jonathan Edwards | intellectual pastor- Great Awakening- Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God |
| Phillis Wheatley | enslaved female poet |
| John Peter Zenger | newspaper printer |
| John Trumbull | painter who went to London to pursue his ambitions |
| George Whitefiled | itinerant English parson- great orator |
