| A | B |
|---|
| some species live in extreme environments | archaebacteria |
| eubacteria | known as modern bacteria |
| cell walls contain peptidoglycan | eubacteria |
| Kingdom in the Domain Bacteria | Eubacteria |
| Kingdom in the Domain Archaea | Archaeabacteria |
| Protista | euakaryotic organisms that are mostly unicellular (some are multicellular, such as kelp) |
| Chitin | a carbohydrate found in the cell walls of fungi (as well as the exoskeletons of insects) |
| Eukaryotic | cells with a nucleus |
| Prokaryotic | cells without a nucleus |
| Kingdom that a paramecium belongs to | Protista |
| Kingdom that yeast belongs to | Fungi |
| Kingdom that mold belongs to | Fungi |
| Kingdom that cordyceps belong to | Fungi |
| Kingdom that mushrooms belong to | Fungi |
| Kingdom that algae belong to | Protista |
| fungi | do not use photosynthesis, and are heterotrophic |
| protists | can be autotrophic and heterotrophic |
| pseudopod | motility mechanism formed by temporary appendages formed in an amoeba's cell membrane - used for feeding and movement |
| eukaryotic | protists & fungi |
| prokaryotic | bacteria |
| cilia | tiny hairs found on some bacteria and some protists, used for movement |
| lichen | an example of symbiotic organisms (either a fungus w/ a photosynthetic protist, or a fungus w/ photosynthetic bacteria) |
| mycelium & hyphae | "root" system of fungi |
| chitin | found in the cell walls of fungi |
| reproduction of fungi | mostly asexual (fragmenting of hyphae or spores), and some sexual (joining hyphae) |
| algae & slime molds | belong to the Kingdom Protista |
| feeding apparatus of fungi | mycelium |
| first eukaryotes | protists |
| fruiting body | part of fungi that grows above the ground (like a mushroom) |
| virus | consists of protein coat & genetic information |
| steps of the lytic cycle | Injects DNA into a host cell. Uses host to copy viral DNA and make proteins. The cell then bursts and new viruses are released. |
| steps of the lysogenic cycle | Viral DNA joins host DNA (inserts itself into host's DNA) and sits dormant for a while. The host cell divides and replicates the viral DNA so all offspring cells have it. Eventually the virus goes into the lytic cycle. |
| retroviruses | Their genomes are made of RNA, and they can produce DNA from their RNA |
| flagellum | a tail found on some protists and some bacteria, used for movement |
| chloroplasts | organelles found in photosynthetic autotrophs such as some protists |
| heterotrophic protists | ameoba and paramecium |
| autotrophic protists | spyrogira, diatoms,and euglena |
| parasitic protists | cause Malaria and African Sleeping Sickness |
| bacteriophage | a virus that infects bacteria |
| round bacterium | coccus |
| spiral bacterium | spirillum |
| rod shaped bacterium | bacillus |
| binary fission | type of assexual reproduction that occurs after cell has doubled in size, replicates its DNA, then divides into two identical daughter cells |
| conjugation | A type of sexual reproduction where 2 bacterial cells exchange parts of their DNA by forming a hollow bridge btwn them. |
| plant-like protists | Mainly autotrophs; contain chloroplasts |
| animal-like protists | Heterotropic, able to move using cilia and/or flagella, or pseudopodia |
| fungi-like protists | Heterotrophic, has cell walls, and uses spores to reproduce |
| streptococcus | groups/chains of coccus-shaped bacteria |
| diplococcus | pairs of coccus-shaped bacteria |
| reverse transcription | RNA viruses perform this process - a strand of complementary DNA is synthesized from RNA |
| algal bloom | overgrowth of algae due to certain conditions (such as water temperature, climate, nitrogen run-off) |
| plasmodium | Malaria is caused by a parasitic protist that belongs to this genus |
| food vacuole | a membrane-enclosed vacuole of a cell (such as a heterotrophic protist) with a digestive function, containing material taken up in by the process of phagocytosis (engulphing prey) |
