| A | B |
|---|
| What is pollution? | Any natural or unnatural substance found in high amounts in an area it does not belong |
| Ozone (O3) causes the lungs to | act as though they were sunburned |
| What are the general functions of the respiratory system? | Filter, Exchange gas, and remove waste |
| What is bodily respiration? | Bringing oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide waste out. |
| What is cellular respiration? | Using sugar to make ATP in the mitochondria where oxygen takes the last electron from the electron transport chain and leaves in the form of water. |
| What does large particle pollution do? | Causes mucus to form in the bronchoiles coating the irretent so that it can be caughed out. P.M 10 micrometers |
| What does small particle pollution do? | Absorbs into the blood stream and can cause DNA damage. PM 2.5 |
| What does your nose do? | Moistens air, filters it with mucus and nose hairs, smell |
| What is a deviated septum? | Crooked nostrils. Causes breathing problems, snorring, etc. |
| The nose and ears are made up of what tissue? | Cartilage |
| Where is the Pharynx? | Throat |
| What are the three parts of the pharynx? | Nasalpharynx, oralpharynx, larengopharynx |
| What does the Pharynx do? | Forks so that food can pass to the esophagus or air to the treachea |
| What stops food and air from going the wrong way in the phraynx? | Epiglottis at the bottom of the Pharynx keeps food directed towards the espophagus and air to the treachea. The soft pallate at the roof of the mouth keeps food out of the nasal cavity |
| What is Intubation and when is it done? | Put a tube down the patients pharyx and treachea so they can get air. Unconscious patients, surgery, allergic reactions. |
| What is housed in the Larynx? | Vocal chords |
| Why do smokers get smokers voice? | Vocal chords and cartilage surrounding it becomes inflamed and flap like. |
| Why can large pieces of food be swallowed without causing a breathing obstruction? | Tracheal chartilage is C-shaped and has no cartilage on the dorsal side (back). |
| What does the Trachea split into? | Right and left bronchi |
| The trachea and bronchi are lined with what to help filter out large particle pollution? | Cillia with epithelial goblet cells that produce mucus. |
| The Bronchi of the lungs branch further into | Bronchioles and Alveoli |
| Where does gas exchange take place? | Alveoli which are surrounded by capillaries. |
| Where does oxygenated blood go once it leaves the Alveoli? | To the pulmonary vein back to the heart (left atrium) |
| Three things aid your body in breathing. What are they? | Atmospheric pressure, Intercostal muscles of the ribs, diaphram |
| What is atmospheric pressure (ATM)? | 760 mm Hg |
| If the internal pressure of your lungs is 758 ATM what will you do? | Inhale. This causes inspiration because nature abhors a vaccume and tries to equalize pressure. The pressure increases to 760 ATM. |
| When your diaphragm and external intercostals relax the pressure in your lungs reaches 762 ATM. What happens? | Exhale. Nature abhors a vaccure. It releases pressure untill you achieve 760 ATM. |
| What parts of the brain help control breathing? | Pons and Medulla oblongata in the brain stem. |
| What are "the bends" | Nitrogen narcosis, when scubba divers surface too quickly (faster than their air bubbles rise) nitrogen bubbles from the blood. Painful and can be fatal. |
| What should be done if you puncture a lung? | Plastic taped on 3 sides. Seals on in inhale, lets blood drain on the exhail so you won't drown. |
| What can cause Asthma? | Cold, allergies, excersize induced asthma, pollution, pregnancy, stress, obesity, skin disorders such as eczema, DNA |
| What is Emphysema? | Alveoli broken open, less surface area for gas exchange. Hard to breath out. |
| Tuberculosis is... | Bacterial disorder cured by antibiotics which causes a person to drown in their own blood. (TB/ consumption) |
| Asbestos causes.... | Mesothelemioma... lung cancer causes when the body tries to protect iteself from the asbesos needles. The body protects itself by coating it with Ca+ and Fe+ |
