| A | B |
|---|
| Hypothesis | A testable explanation |
| Theory | An explanation backed by lots of Evidence |
| Charles Darwin | Wrote "Origin of the Species" |
| Evolution | Biological Change over Time |
| Micro-evolution | Changes in cells and DNA |
| Macro-Evolution | Evolution on the observable scale |
| Common Descent | Two species came from same species |
| Variation | Individuals of same species with slightly different traits |
| Overproduction | More offspring are born that can survive |
| Survival of the Fittest | Most fit of a population survive to produce offspring |
| Offspring | babies or young |
| Species | A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring |
| Fossils | remains of organisms preserved in rock |
| Anatomical Evidence | Looking at bone structure evidence |
| Homologous Structures | Anatomically similar structures |
| Vestigial Structures | reduced forms of functional structures |
| Analogous structures | same purpose but not similar construction |
| Embryology | Study of how different species go through similar stages of development |
| Fitness | An organisms ability to survive and reproduce |
| Biochemical Similarities | Sharing the same organic molecules |
| Adaptation | changes to better match the environment |
| Biogeography | Similar animals on different continents |
| Classification | The process of organizing anything |
| Binomial Nomenclature | 2 Latin names |
| Domain and Kingdom | Top Classification levels |
| Phylum/Class/Order/Family | Middle classification levels |
| Genus and Species | Species Specific Classification |
| Artificial Selection | Humans selecting desired traits |
| Stabilizing Selection | Organisms w Average traits are most fit |
| Directional Selection | Organisms with advantagous trait are most fit |
| Disruptive Selection | Organisms with extreme traits are most fit |
| Sexual Selection | One sex chooses among many possible mates |
| Selection Pressures | Competition for resources, disease, or predation |
| Reproductive Barriers | Barriers preventing different species from mating |
| Prezygotic Barriers | Before the zygote forms |
| Postzygotic Barriers | After the zygote forms |
| Divergent Evolution | One species evolves into two |
| Convergent Evolution | Unrelated species evolve similar traits |
| Adaptive Rediation | One species evolve into a number of different species |
| Phylogenetic Tree/Cladogram | Shows graphically the Evolutionary relatedness |
| Genetic Relatedness | Degree of genetic and structure similarity |
