| A | B |
|---|
| blood urea nitrogen | protein breakdown product; deterioration in renal function is manifested by a rise in its values |
| costovertebral angle | area where the lower ribs meet the vertebrae |
| creatinine | substance that results from the breakdown of phosphocreatine (amino acid waste product), which is present in muscle tissue, is filtered by the glomeruli, and is excreted at a fairly constant rate by the kidney |
| creatinine clearance test | study used to determine kidney function and creatinine excretion |
| cystogram | study that evaluates abnormalities in bladder structure and filling through the instillation of contrast dye and radiography |
| cystometrogram | study that evaluates bladder tone and capacity using a retention catheter that is inserted into the bladder after the client voids and slowly filled with sterile saline until the client indicates at what point the first urge to void is felt and when the bladder feels full |
| cystoscope | instrument consisting of a lighted tube with a telescopic lens used to examine the inside of the bladder |
| cystoscopy | visual examination of the inside of the bladder using an instrument called a cystoscope |
| excretory urogram | radiologic study used to evaluate the structure and function of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder by examining a radiopaque dye as it passes through the urinary tract |
| intravenous pyelogram | radiologic study used to evaluate the structure and function of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder by examining a radiopaque dye as it passes through the urinary tract |
| postvoid residual | amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding |
| renal arteriogram | study of the arterial supply to the kidneys using radiopaque dye |
| retrograde pyelogram | study that provides visualization of the complete ureter and renal pelvis using a radiopaque contrast medium instilled with a uretheral catheter |
| ultrasonography | technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to show the size and location of organs and to outline structures and abnormalities |
| urinalysis | laboratory examination of the components and characteristics of urine |
| urine osmolality | measurement of the concentration of dissolved particles in urine expressed in osmoles of solute |
| urine protein test | laboratory examination used to identify renal disease by detecting an increase in urine protein levels |
| urine specific gravity | measurement of the kidney's ability to concentrate and excrete urine by comparing the density of urine with the density of distilled water |
| urodynamic studies | tests that evaluate bladder and urethral function and are performed to assess causes of reduced urine flow, urinary retention, and urinary incontinence |
| uroflowmetry | study performed to evaluate bladder and sphincter function by measuring the time and rate of voiding, the volume of urine voided, and the pattern of urination |
| urography | radiologic study used to evaluate the structure and function of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder by examining a radiopaque dye as it passes through the urinary tract |
| voiding cystourethrogram | study that evaluates abnormalities in bladder function through the voiding of contrast dye and a rapid series of x-rays |
