| A | B |
|---|
| Conqueror of the Inca empire | Francisco Pizarro |
| Salvation only through faith in God's grace | Martin Luther |
| Three separate branches of government | Baron de Montesquieu |
| Scientific knowledge through the use of reason | Rene Descartes |
| All people have natural rights | John Locke |
| First European to sail around the world | Ferdinand Magellan |
| Painter of the Sistine Chapel ceiling | Michelangelo |
| Conquered the Aztec civilization | Hernando Cortez |
| The Catholic Church and its popes rule over Europe's kings | Gregory VII |
| Founder of Islam | Muhammad |
| Founder of the first empire in Western Europe after the fall of Rome | Charlemagne |
| England's greatest playwright and poet | William Shakespeare |
| Florentine sculptor, painter, and architect | Michelangelo |
| Founder of the Protestant Reformation | Martin Luther |
| Leader of those who believed in predestination | John Calvin |
| Most versatile artist and inventor of the Italian Renaissance | Leonardo da Vinci |
| Christian emperor who moved the Roman capital to Byzantium | Constantine |
| Studied motion and the effects of gravity | Isaac Newton |
| Believed in experimentation to gather new knowledge | Francis Bacon |
| Meeting at which the values of the Catholic Church were reaffirmed | Council of Trent |
| Central American civilization that collapsed because of food shortages | The Maya |
| Followers of Allah and Islam | Muslims |
| Persecuted less in Muslim Spain than in Catholic Europe | The Jews |
| Warrior class of medieval Japan | The samurai |
| People who did not follow the established teachings of the Church | Heretics |
| Greatest practitioners of medicine in medieval Europe | Muslims |
| Feudal lords in medieval Japan | Daimyos |
| What all Christians are, according to Luther | Priests |
| Received land from their lords in exchange for military service | Vassals |
| Japanese class who valued loyalty, skill with weapons, bravery in battle, and the ability to create art and poetry | The samurai |
| Military dictators of Japan | Shoguns |
| Practice encouraged by Protestant Christians, but not Catholics | Personal study of the Bible |
