| A | B |
|---|
| producers | organisms that make their own food |
| autotrophs | "self feeders" |
| consumers | organsims that cannot make their own food |
| heterotrophs | "other feeders" |
| chlorophyll | green pigment which traps light energy and converts it to chemical energy |
| chloroplast | plant organelle where photosynthesis takes place |
| green | color of light not used in photosynthesis |
| chlorophyll a | light-trapping, color-producing pigment that is bright green |
| chlorophyll b | light-trapping, color-producing pigment that is army-green |
| carotenes | yellow to orange pigments that trap light and produce color |
| xanthopylls | yellow pigments that trap light and produce color |
| anthocyanins | pigments responsible for animal attraction (are red, blue, or purple & are also produced in greater concentrations in the fall) |
| endergonic | reaction in which energy is required |
| light reaction | first phase of photosynthesis that requires light |
| grana | stacks of disc-like structures made of lipoprotein membranes found in the chloroplast |
| thylakoid | grana membrane |
| coenzyme | molecule responsible for transferring atoms, groups of atoms, or electrons |
| Calvin cylce | another name for the dark reaction of photosynthesis |
| dark reaction | phase of photosynthesis that takes place in the chloroplast's stroma and can occur in the presence or absence of light |
| stroma | liquid of the chloroplast |
| nitrogen | element usually in very low supply that causes plants to adapt by developing ways to "eat" insects |
| cellular respiration | process by which a cell releases the chemical energy of glucose |
| aerobic respiration | respiration with oxygen |
| glycolysis | first phase of repiration that is anaerobic & occurs in the cytoplasm |
| Kreb's cycle | aka citric acid cycle, aerobic, occurs in the mitochondria, and produces 2 ATPs |
| electron transport chain | phase of aerobic respiration that produces the most ATP |
| hydrolysis | splitting molecues by adding water |
| fermentation | respiration without oxygen |
| lactic acid fermentation | occurs in muscle cells during extreme exercise |
| ethyl alcohol fermentation | anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast and some bacteria |
| NADP | coenzyme used to transfer electrons & H+ in photosynthesis |
| NAD | coenzyme used to transfer electrons and H+ in cellular respiration |
| cytoplasm | portion of cell where glycolysis occurs |
| glycolysis | first phase of respiration regardless of the presence of oxygen |
