| A | B |
|---|
| variations | differences in traits between members of the samespecies |
| Charles Darwin | who is credited with the idea of natural selection |
| evolution | occurs in individual organisms |
| genetics | study of inherited traits |
| Punnett square | model used to determine the probability of traits in offspring |
| population | a group of the same species living in an area |
| natural selection | the process in which organisms with the best traits survive, reproduce, and pass on the favorable traits to their offspring |
| Population | At what level does evolution occur |
| DNA | biological molecule that contains an organism's genetic material |
| genes | parts of this molecule that codes for an organism's trait |
| mutation | change in organism's DNA. Can be neutral, harmful, or beneficial |
| environmental conditions | help to determine which variation of traits are going to be most beneficial to survive |
| natural selection, mutation in genes, changes in the environment | what causes a species to change over time (evolve) |
| dominant | allele is always expressed, needs only 1 copy |
| recessive | allele requires 2 copies to be expressed, symbol is lowercase |
| artificial selection | occurs when people purposely choose organisms to cross (mate) based on desired traits in crops and livestock |
| overpopulation, competition, variation in traits | 3 factors Darwin identified as affecting the process of natural selection |
| inherited traits | genetic, passed from parent to offspring |
| acquired traits | develop as organism interacts with environment, not passed on to offspring |
