| A | B |
|---|
| are personality traits inherited? | yes |
| what is responsible for shaping key aspects of our personality | early experiences |
| temperament | the constellation of inborn traits that determine the child's unique behavioral style and the way he or she experiences and reacts to the world |
| new york logitudinal study | collected info from over 100 children --began in 1956 ---came up with a series of attributes they called individual differences in childhood |
| what is temperament? | what children can do = ability |
| reason why children do things | motivation |
| style in which they behave | temperament |
| how many dimensions of temperament are there? | 9 |
| sensory threshold | 1 |
| intensity | 2 |
| acitivty level | 3 |
| approach/withdrawl | 4 |
| adaptability | 5 |
| distractability | 6 |
| persistence | 7 |
| rhythmicity | 8 |
| mood | 9 |
| Temperament combos | Active & Fast adapting |
| temperament combos | intense and slow adapting |
| temperament combos | sensitive and withdrawing |
| name the types of temperament | easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm |
| positive disposition | mood |
| emotions are....... | moderate to low in intensity |
| difficult babies | more negative moods, slow to adapt to new situatoins, tend to withdraw |
| slow-to-warm babies | inactive, relatively calm reactions to their environment, moods are generally negative, withdraw from new situation, adapt slowly |
| how is personality shaped | mainly from infant's experiences |
| STAGE 1 of Erickson psychosocial | trust v. mistrust |
| STAGE 2 of Erickson psychosocial | autonomy vs. shame & doubt |
| behavioral genetic perspective | from birth onward, infants begin to show unique, stable straits, and behaviors that lead to their development as unique, distinct individuals |
| are temperamental traits inherited? | yes---fairly stable throughout the entire life span |
| does temperament matter? | all children have 9 temperament traits ranging from high to low |
| does any single type of temperament seem to be good or bad? | no |
| behavior | this is temperament induced/learned |
| goodness - of - fit | temperament clusters aren't the only influence on behavior/a child's long term adjustment depends on the goodness of fit of their temperament and the environment in which they are raised |
| temperatment triggered tantrums | xxxx |
| high sensitivity tantrum | over stimulating environments, being overwhelmed, physical discomfort |
| high sensitivity behavior strategies | take quiet breaks to reduce stimulation and prevent being overwhelmed |
| high activity tantrum triggers | confinement and pent up energy |
| high activity behavior strategies | provide ways to release energy each day and break up confinement such as long car rides with active play |
| low regularity tantrum triggers | hunger and fatigue |
| low regularity strategies | have snacks for unpredictable hunger and ensure sleep an dnaps before active events |
| slow adaptability tantrum triggers | intrusions, transitions, and unexpected changes |
| slow adaptability behavior strategies | prepare for necessary intrusions and limit unnecessary ones, make time for transitions, use routines and prepare child for change |
| withdraw tantrum triggers | new situation, new child care provider, unexpected changes |
| withdraw behaior strategies | plan for new situations and new people, avoid sink or swim methods for new experiences and take new experiences in small parts |
| low persistence tantrum triggers | frustration and delays |
| low persistance behavior strategies | watch for escalating frustration and take breaks, use segmentation for frustrating tasks, prepare for delays, use redirection for lengthy delay |
| high persistance tantrum | limits and being told "no" |
| high persistence | set limits early and put closure on activities before stopping them |
| reactions to behavior | parent reacts to dificult behavior with anger than child is more likely to express behavior problems |
| reactions to behavior | parents who display warmth and consistency in their responses ar emore likely to have children who avoid problems |
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