| A | B |
|---|
| Aristotle | Scholar in ancient Greece, was one of the first students of government |
| State | Political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government |
| Nation | Sizable group of people who are united by common bonds of race, language, custom, tradition, and religion |
| 4 Essential features of a State | Population, Territory, Sovereignty, Government |
| Must have this to have state? | People |
| How can population affect the political organization of a state | Through mobility |
| Territorial boundaries may change because of these | War, Negotiations, Purchase |
| Sovereignty | State has supreme and absolute authority within its boundaries |
| Government | Institutiton through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces decisions |
| 4 theories on the the origing of a state | Evolutionary, Force, Divine Right, Social Contract |
| Evolutionary Theory | Head of the primitive family was the authority |
| Force Theory | Government emerged when all people of an area were brought under the authority of one person |
| Divine Right Theory | God has chosen certain people to rule |
| Hobbes and Locke | Two supporters of the Social Contract Theory |
| Hobbes | Said, "people surrendered to the state the power needed to maintain order." |
| Hobbes | Said, "without authority to protect people from one another life was bad." |
| Locke | Said, "when government failed to preserve the rights of people, the people had the rigth to break the contract." |
| Locke | Said, "People naturally are given the rigth to life, liberty and property." |
| 4 Puposes of Government | maintain social order, provide public services, provide for national security, and provide and control the economic system |
| Material scarcity is often the cause of what | Full-blown revolutions |
| Two types of government systems | Unitary and Federal |
| Unitary system | All key powers to the national government |
| Federal system | Powers divided between the state and national governments |
| Constitution | Plan that provides the rules for government |
| Totalitarian Dictatorship | Ideas of a single leader are glorified |
| Monarchy | Royalty exercises the supreme powers of government |
| Constitutional monarchy | Share governmental powers with electred legislatures or serve mainly as the ceremonial leaders |
| Oligarchy | Small group of people hold power |
| Democracy | Rule by the people |
| Representative Democracy | People elect representatives and give them the responsibility to make laws and conduct government |
| Republic | Voters are the source of teh government's authority |
| What document protects the rights of the minority? | Constitution |
| What do all genuine democracies have? | Free elections |
| What does one person, one vote mean? | Everyone vote carries the same weight |
| Who comes up with the idea of 3 branches of government? | Montesquieu |
| Who comes up with the idea of separation of powers? | Montesquieu |
| What is it called when people do not believe in an organized government? | Anarchy |
| What are the criteria of a democracy | Favroable economy, Social concensus, Active population participation, Strong civil society, widespread education |
| What is a loose collection of states? | Confederacy |
| What rights can't be taken away by the government because they are given by God? | Natural rights |
| According to Locke what are people's natural rights? | Life, Liberty and Property |
| Government where the leader is a religious leader as well? | Theocracy |
| Rule by few | Oligarchy |
